Classic angina

Classic angina (angina of effort or exercise) is due to coronary atherosclerotic occlusion vasospastic or variant angina (Prinzmetal) is due to a reversible decrease in coronary blood low unstable angina (crescendo) presents as an acute coronary syndrome with platelet aggregation. 

Classic angina (angina of effort or exercise) is due to coronary atherosclerotic occlusion... 

Classic (stable). Classic angina occurs with stress and exertion and is caused by the narrowing or partial occlusion of coronary arteries. 

Classic risk factors of atherosclerosis must first and foremost be fought with lifestyle interventions such as diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation. Indeed, and although it effectively relieves angina, simply... 

A 1,4-dihydropyridine having coronary vasodilatory activity and, therefore, intended for relief of the intense chest pains of angina pectoris is nifedipine (34). Using a portion of the classical Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, condensation of two moles of... 

Referred pain is felt in a part of the body different from the actual tissue causing the pain. Typically, the pain is initiated in a visceral organ or tissue and referred to an area of the body surface. Classic examples of referred pain include headache and angina. Interestingly, the brain does not contain nociceptors therefore, pain perceived as a headache originates in other tissues, such as the eyes sinuses muscles of the head and neck and meninges. Angina, or chest pain, is caused by coronary ischemia. It may be accompanied by pain referred to the neck, left shoulder, and left arm. 

The predominant symptom of ACS is midline anterior chest discomfort (most often occurring at rest), severe new-onset angina, or increasing angina that lasts at least 20 minutes. The discomfort may radiate to the shoulder, down the left arm, to the back, or to the jaw. Accompanying symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, or shortness of breath. Elderly patients, patients with diabetes, and women are less likely to present with classic symptoms. 

Application of part of the classical Hantzsch pyridine synthesis leads to nifedipine (87) (81 AG(E)762, 68SAP6801482), a calcium antagonist useful in the treatment of angina. The pharmacology of a chemically related drug, nisoldipine (88), has recently been studied (80AF2144). Both compounds inhibit the transmembrane movement of calcium into activated smooth and cardiac muscle. Nisoldipine, however, is characterized by a high potency and uniqueness of action and may well prove to be of considerable therapeutic value. 

Propranolol [Inderal). Propranolol, the classic nonselective beta blocker, is approved for use in hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and prevention of myocardial reinfarction. In addition, propranolol has been used in the prevention of vascular headache and as an adjunct to alpha blockers in treating pheochromocytoma. Propranolol is usually administered orally for the long-term management of the previously listed conditions, but it may be administered via intravenous injection for the immediate control of arrhythmias. 

Angina pectoris describes the classic symptoms of chest pain, and is caused by transient myocardial ischaemia. In stable angina, the blood flow through the coronary arteries may be limited due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that restrict blood and therefore oxygen to the cardiac muscle myocardium. Episodes of angina are typically caused by exertion or emotion and are relieved by rest. 

DRUG GROUP VARIANT (VASOSPASTIC) ANGINA CLASSIC (STABLE) ANGINA... 

Verapamil, proprietaiy name Calan, is a calcium channel blocker that is effective in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders, including angina (classical and variant), arrhythmias (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia), atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis), hypertension, congestive heart failure, and Raynaud s phenomenon, along with the preservation of ischemic myocardium and the treatment of migraine headaches. 

This type of angina, due to coronary spasm, classically occurs at the same time daily, generally at night and at rest. It more frequently occurs in patients with evident coronary atherosclerosis, which triggers the spasm but rarely there is any coronary anomaly or only small plaque is detected. 

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