Clarithromycin side effects

Telithromycin 800 mg once daily x 5 days Not available Improved pneumococcal coverage over macrolides can cause blurred or double vision and difficulty focusing cost and other side effects similar to clarithromycin-azithromycin... 

Clarithromycin is a derivative of erythromycin (macrolide). Advantages over erythromycin include lower frequency of gastrointestinal side-effects and lower dosage frequency. Clarithromycin is administered every 12 hours. As with all macrolides it should be used with caution in patients who are at risk of developing QT interval prolongation caused either by electrolyte imbalances or the concomitant use of other drugs. 

Roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin are more recently developed macrolides with similar antimicrobial activity to erythromycin. However they are better absorbed, have longer elimination half-lives and lower incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects. Azithromycin and... 

Geriatric Considerations - Summary Eszopiclone is the only hypnotic which has been shown to maintain efficacy over long-term use (6 months) and may have a role in the management of chronic sleep problems in olderadults. Because eszopiclone is a substrate of CYP C3A, and 2E1, it should be used with caution, especially with drugs such as nefazodone, clarithromycin, and amiodarone. This agent has been newly approved for use in the US and has not been well studied in terms of falls or other geriatric side effects. 

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir and grapefruit juice may increase plasma concentrations of estrogens and may result in side effects ... 

Like erythromycin, the most common side effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin are gastrointestinal, with diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain being the most frequently reported. Clarithromycin can also cause headache and dyspepsia. Other side effects of azithromycin include palpitations, vaginitis, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and hypersensitivity reactions. 

The 6-O-methyl derivative has been added to this antibiotic group (Clarithromycin, Biaxin, 1991). The 14-hydroxy metabolite is also active. Its spectrum is not significantly superior to the parent drug (e.g., methicilin-resistant staph are also resistant). Dosing frequency is more convenient, however, and it appears to have fewer gastric side effects. 

Numerous studies have compared clarithromycin to loracarbef, amoxicillin/ clavulanate, amoxicillin suspension, and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children with similar clinical outcomes and side effects [37-41]. In mild to moderate skin and skin structure infections, clarithromycin was not significantly better than erythromycin (96-88% eradication rate), with similar GI-related events [42-47]. 

The macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin) bind to the BOS ribosomal subunit of bacteria and inhibit translocation. Clarithromycin was used to treat Neu Moania because he had taken it previously without difficulty. It has less serious side effects than many other antibiotics and is used as an alternative drug in patients, such as Mr. Moania, who are allergic to penicillin. After 1 week of therapy, Mr. Moania recovered from his infection. 

Erythromycin. Erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics bind to the 508 ribosomal subunit of bacteria near the binding site for chloramphenicol. They prevent the translocation step, the movement of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site on the ribosome. Because the side effects are less severe and more readily reversible than those of many other antibiotics, the macrolides are often used to treat infections in persons who are allergic to penicillin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, bacterial resistance to erythromycin is increasing. ThCTefore, its close relative, clarithromycin, is often used. 

H. pylori is a major etiological factor in gastroduodenal disorders such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Therefore, the treatment and prevention of these diseases would be facilitated by its eradication. At present, triple therapies that comprise two antibiotics (clarithromycin and amphotericin B) and a proton pump inhibitor are used to eradicate H. pylori. However, strains that are resistant to antibiotics have appeared. In addition, antibiotic treatment is associated with serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Therefore, the discovery of novel antibacterial agents that are highly effective and safe is badly needed for the treatment of H. pylori infection. 

Delaviradine is rapidly absorbed by oral administration and peak plasma concentration was obtained in 1 hour. Administration of delaviridine at 400 mg three times daily resulted in peak plasma concentration of 45 mM. The single dose bioavailability of delaviridine tablets relative to oral solution was approximate 85%. The 50% inhibitory concentration for delavirdine against RT activity was 6.0 nM. Delaviridine is extensively bound to plasma protein (-98%). It is metabolized to its N-desisopropyl metabolite in liver, and the pharmacokinetics is nonlinear. Clarithromycin, rifabutin, or ergot alkaloid derivatives are predicted to increase plasma concentration of delaviridine. Skin rashes are the major side effect of delavirdine therapy. Cross-resistance between delavidine and Pis, such as indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir, is unlikely because of action on different enzyme targets. 

Nelfinavir mesylate is a peptidomimetic drug that is effective in HIV-1 and HIV-2 wild-type and ZDV-resistant strains, with median effective dose concentrations ranging from 9 to 60 nM (95% effective dose, 0.04 mg/mL) (98). After IV administration, the elimination half-life of nelfinavir was approximately 1 hour. In combination with D4T, nelfinavir reduced HIV viral load by approximately 98% after 4 weeks. It is well tolerated when used with azole antifungals (ketoconazole, fluconazole, or itraconazole) or macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin) however, it causes diarrhea and other side effects common to nonnucleoside drugs. Following oral administration, nelfinavir peak levels in plasma ranged from 0.34 mg/mL (10 mg/kg in the dog) to 1.7 mg/mL (50 mg/kg in the rat). In the dog, nelfinavir was slowly absorbed, and bioavailability was 47%. The drug appeared to be metabolized in the liver, and the major excretory route was in feces. 

Macrolides antibiotics have some side effects that adversely affect the patient. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and cramps. These occur with azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and dirithromycin. Troleandomycin causes stomach cramps and discomfort. 

Clarithromycin (as macrolide antibiotics) has many side effects linked to its consumption, including abnormal taste, diarrhea, headache, indigestion, nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting (Chey and Wong, 2007 Khoshnood et al., 2014). Other common side effects can include headaches, hallucinations, dizziness, and rash. In rare cases, the medication may cause jaundice or kidney problems (Fox et al., 2002). 

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