Understanding Claims

Libraries or subgroups of libraries can be products themselves which could be covered by product and/or product-by-process claims. Claims to the library need not describe in detail each or any particular molecule in the library. The claim need only clearly and distinctly claim the boundaries of the library as a whole such that those reading the claim understand when they are infringing - one does not infringe such a claim by making any particular compound but by making the library. 

We begin with the experimentally determined three dimensional structure of a mol ecule then propose bonding models that are consistent with the structure We do not claim that the observed structure is a result of the bonding model Indeed there may be two or more equally satisfactory models Structures are facts bonding models are theo ries that we use to try to understand the facts... 

The foregoing specification, examples and data provide a basis for the understanding of the invention. The invention can be made on a variety of embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended. 

Definiteness. Adequate description or definiteness requites that the patent claims provide an outline of those elements which are integral to the appHcation s invention. In turn, the specification acts as a dictionary wherein the reader can interpret and understand the elements in the patent claims. Complementary to the requirement of definiteness is the requirement that the appHcation must disclose the entire invention. The appHcant cannot make a claim of right to the invention where essential elements of the invention are not disclosed in the patent. 

Patent documents differ from journal Hterature in several ways. First of all, they are legal documents whose disclosures support one or more claims that define an area of property rights. The language in patent documents can therefore be quite convoluted "patentese" as the appHcant strives to achieve the broadest possible scope of coverage. Examples provided in patents may never have happened. Based on the appHcant s understanding of the technical... 

Having extracted a full disclosure from the licensor, the operating company owes it to itself to spend some time sharpshooting major claims and specifications. Even if everything is perfect, a better understanding of the process is developed. 

It is no exaggeration to claim that it was the extensive worldwide body of research on semiconductors from the late 1930s onwards that converted physicists to the recognition that scrupulous control of purity, stoichiometry and crystal perfection, together with characterisation methods that could check on these features, are a precondition of understanding the nature of semiconductors and thus also a precondition of exploiting them successfully - indeed, not only semiconductors but, by extension, many kinds of materials. 

The study of composite materials actually involves many topics, such as, for example, manufacturing processes, anisotropic elasticity, strength of anisotropic materials, and micromechanics. Truly, no one individual can claim a complete understanding of all these areas. Any practitioner will be likely to limit his attention to one or two subareas of the broad possibilities of analysis versus design, micromechanics versus macromechanics, etc. 

The discovery of hafnium was one of chemistry s more controversial episodes. In 1911 G. Urbain, the French chemist and authority on rare earths , claimed to have isolated the element of atomic number 72 from a sample of rare-earth residues, and named it celtium. With hindsight, and more especially with an understanding of the consequences of H. G. J. Moseley s and N. Bohr s work on atomic structure, it now seems very unlikely that element 72 could have been found in the necessary concentrations along with rare earths. But this knowledge was lacking in the early part of the century and, indeed, in 1922 Urbain and A. Dauvillier claimed to have X-ray evidence to support the discovery. However, by that time Niels Bohr had developed his atomic theory and so was confident that element 72 would be a... 

We decided to follow the cautious route of Cram by identifying only individual interactions and not to claim a hypothesis of general understanding (see Sec. 11.2). In the present section we will review compounds other than classical crown ethers which have been tested as hosts for arenediazonium ions. 

One possible reason for the reluctance of non-electrochemists to venture into this field is that in contrast to the electrochemists claim that controlled potential electrolysis offers a method for the selective introduction of energy into molecules, many electrode reactions carried out at a controlled potential have still been reported to give low yields and a diversity of products. The electrode potential is, however, only one of several variables and the lack of selectivity in the electrode process may be attributed to a failure to understand and to control all the parameters of the overall electrode reaction. 

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