Citrus chemical weed control

Chemical weed control practices in citrus have been thoroughly reviewed by various researchers (Ryan, 1969 Jordan et al, 1977 Jordan, 1978 Tucker and Singh, 1983 Mersie and Singh, 1989 Singh el al., 1990 Sharma and Singh, 1999). Herbicides used in citrus can be divided into two groups soil-applied (preemergence) and... 

Abdel-Rehman, A.M., S.E. Salem, and S.S. Moustafa (1994). Studies on chemical weed control in citrus seed beds. Bullet. Faculty Agri., Univ. Cairo., 45 905-918. 

DelBosco, G.F., A. DeMichele, and B. Baratta (1974). Chemical weed control in Sicilian citriculture. In D.P.H. Tucker and R.L. Phillips, eds., Perennial Grass Control in Florida Citrus Groves. Murcia, Spain Ministerio de Agriculture, pp. 357-359. 

Kretchman, D.W. and J.T. McCown (1962). Chemical weed control in citrus groves. Agricultural Extension Service. Gainesville, FL University of Florida. Circular, 224. 

Mersie, W. and M. Singh (1989). Benefits and problems of chemical weed control in citrus. Rev. Weed Sci., 4 59-70. 

Perez, E. (1976). Chemical weed control in young citrus. 8th Reunion Argentina de Malezas y su Control ASAM . 3 172. 

Ryan, G.F. (1969). The use of chemicals for weed control in Florida citrus. Proc. 1st Inti. Citrus Symp., 1 467 -72. 

Chemical Name 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil 5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(l-methylpropyl)-2,4-(l//,3//)pyrimidinedione Uses Herbicide applied to soil to control annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds, and general vegetation on uncropped land also used for selective weed control in apple, asparagus, cane fruit, hops, and citrus crops. 

Citrus trees are a long-term investment, and growers cannot afford crop damage or yield loss from weed competition, cultural operations, or misapplication of chemicals. The most critical time to control weeds in trees is from planting to early establishment, which spans from 3 to 6 years depending upon soil fertility. 

Slashing, Hand Hoeing, and Mulching Bredell (1973) compared several physical methods with chemical measures to control weeds in citrus. Herbicides were found to be the most effective tool in managing weeds. Depending... 

Bromacil is a uracil herbicide introduced by du Pont in 1963 (Fig. 4). It controls a broad spectrum of weeds in citrus and pineapple crops. The chemical is also used for general vegetation control on noncrop areas such as railroads and industrial areas. 

Propanil is a contact herbicide recommended for postemergence use in rice, effective mainly for the control of grass weeds (Echinocloa spp.) at rates of 1-4 kg active ingredient/ha (Smith, 1961). In the USA it is used also on potatoes. The combined posteniergence herbicide of the Hadogaya Chemical Co. (Japan), known by the trade name Wydac , contains 25% propanil and 5% carbaryl, and is used postemergence on citrus. 

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