Cisplatin hydration

All-Sarraf M, Fletcher W, OlshI N, Pugh R, Hewlett JS, BalduccI L, McCracken J, Padilla F. Cisplatin hydration with and without mannitol diuresis In refractory disseminated malignant melanoma a southwest oncology group study. CancerTreat Rep 1982 66 31-5. 

The lowest activation barrier was predicted for the cisplatin hydration when the first and then second chloride anions are replaced (about 26 kcal/mol). Thus, these dechlorinations represent the fastest reactions considered here. Moreover, the first step is one of the less endothermic processes (ca. 9 kcal/mol) in the whole hydration scheme. The highest barriers (more than 35 kcal/mol) were calculated for the formation of the trans-PtCl2(H20)2+NH3 and trans-Pt(NH3)Cl(H20)(0H)+NH3 complexes. Based on the MP2 activation energies of the Pt complexes, the replacement of the ammonium ligand should always be slower than the dechlorination process. Thus, a kinetic factor would prevail, and the chloride anions would be preferentially replaced. However, this hypothesis was not completely and unambiguously confirmed by the CCSD(T) calculations. The activation... 

Cisplatin administration requires adequate hydration and forced diuresis to prevent kidney damage. Cisplatin is intensely emetogenic and its use requires adequate antiemetic prophylaxis. Myelosuppression is less evident than with other alkylating agents. 

A few antineoplastic drugs require treatment measures before administration. An example of preadiniiiistration treatment is hydration of the patient witii 1 to 2 liters of IV fluid infused before administration of cisplatin (Platinol) or administration of an antiemetic before the adiniiiistration of mechbretiiamine These measures are ordered by the primary health care provider and, in some instances, may vary slightly from the manufacturer s recommendations. 

Cisplatin—vigorous hydration is required can be nephrotoxic and ototoxic can cause peripheral neuropathy hold or reduce for creatinine > 1.5... 

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