Cinchona alkaloids patents

Numerous new salts and additive compounds of cinchona alkaloids, and especially of quinine, have been described, of which only a few can be mentioned as examples quinine additive compounds with sulph-anilamide, t quinine salts of (+) and (—)-pantothenic acid, °( > quinine sulphamate and disulphamate, °( organo-mercury compounds of quinine and cinchonine such as quinine-monomercuric chloride. Various salts and combinations of quinine have also been protected by patent, e.g., ascorbates and nicotinates. 

Of the various pharmaceuticals derived from plants, the Cinchona alkaloids are probably, by volume the largest market, with an estimated production of 300-500 metric tons a year of pure quinine (32) and quinidine (33). These alkaloids are extracted from the bark of Cinchona trees, which require about 10 years to mature before harvesting. Furthermore most of the plantations are in areas not easily accessible, often threatened by infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi. This leads to many uncertainties in planning of the production, and as a result alternative sources for the alkaloids are of interest. Various synthetic aproaches have been used (552) but are not of industrial interest. Therefore, interest in biotechnological approaches is large. Patents related to the production of quinoline alkaloids by means of plant cell cultures are summarized in Table XXVIII. 

The synthetic multiple-interaction or Pirkle-type class of CSP is not covered by patents in the same way that some other classes of CSP are. Accordingly researchers other than Pirkle s group have made Pirkle-type CSP worthy of commercialisation. Lindner has made tartramide coated phases, as well as derivatives [11], phases derived from cinchona alkaloids [12] utilising... 

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