Chromosomal aberrations, depleted

Subjecting cells to oxidative stress can result in severe metabolic dysfunctions, including peroxidation of membrane lipids, depletion of nicotinamide nucleotides, rises in intracellular free Ca ions, cytoskeletal disruption and DNA damage. The latter is often measured as formation of single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks or chromosomal aberrations. Indeed, DNA damage has been almost invariably observed in a wide range of mammalian cell types exposed to oxidative stress in a number... 

Structural chromosome aberrations, particularly chromatid gaps and increased frequency of fragment exchange, were observed in rat bone marrow cells after 14 days of exposure to 240 mg Zn/L drinking water (Kowalska-Wochna et al. 1988). Chromosomal aberrations were observed in bone marrow cells of mice fed diets equivalent to 650 mg Zn/kg BW daily, in mice exposed to zinc oxide by inhalation, and in mice maintained on a low-calcium diet (USPHS 1989). Aberrations in bone marrow of mice given 5000 mg Zn/kg diet may be associated with calcium deficiency (Leonard and Gerber 1989). Calcium is displaced by zinc in calcium-depleted conditions, leading to chromosomal breaks and interference in the repair process (USPHS 1989). 

Microbial contamination can exert numerous effects, and bacterial and yeast contamination will cause nutrient depletion resulting in the death of the cell culture. Although mycoplasma are very fastidious in their growth requirements, contamination with these organisms is known to exert more insidious effects, such as alteration of the growth rate of cells (3), induction of chromosomal aberrations (4), changes in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism (5,6), and membrane aberrations (7). 

The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of arecoline continue to be investigated. Arecoline was cytotoxic to Hep 2 cells in an acidic medium, and decreased DNA and protein synthesis [350]. The observed cytotoxicity increased on addition of sodium nitrite [350]. Arecoline was found to be clastogenic and genotoxic by observation of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells [351], It induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in Hep 2 cells [352], Arecoline decreased the survival and proliferation of cultured oral mucosal fibroblasts [353]. Glutathione and cysteine prevented this cytotoxicity, suggesting that thiol depletion could play a role in the toxicity of 117 [353],... 

In mice orally administered 133, 265, and 530 mg/kg daily of an aqueous extract of guarana for 7 days, changes in the frequency of micronuclei in the femoral cells and inductions of testicular chromosomal aberrations were observed. An increase of malondialdehyde and depletion of nonprotein... 

Bakhmutsky, M.V., Squibb, K., McDiarmid, M., et al., 2013. Long-term exposure to depleted uranium in Gulf-War veterans does not induce chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat. Res. 757, 132-139. 

Holmes, A.L., Joyce, K., Xie, H., et al., 2014. The impact of homologous recombination repair deficiency on depleted uranium clastogenicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells XRCC3 protects cells from chromosome aberrations, but increases chromosome fragmentation. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 762,1-9. 

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