Ribonucleic acids chromatography

In view of the difficulty of hydrolyzing the pyrimidine nucleosidic linkages, ribonucleic acids have been hydrolyzed to a mixture of purine bases and pyrimidine nucleotides which is then separated by paper chromatography.132, 163 164 This method has been employed extensively for the analysis of ribonucleic acids, and gives reproducible results,166 but it has not been used to any great extent for deoxyribonucleic acids, probably because, under these conditions of hydrolysis, they yield some pyrimidine deoxy-ribonucleoside diphosphates.166... 

Oligonucleotides have also been separated by ion-exchange chromatography of yeast ribonucleic acid treated either with acid216 or with ribonuclease.209 Alkaline hydrolysis of the fission products obtained with the latter gives rise to pyrimidine nucleoside 3-phosphates and mixtures of purine nucleoside 2- and 3-phosphates. Bone phosphomonoesterase196 followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives pyrimidine nucleosides and purine... 

Barker and coworkers have applied gel chromatography in studies of pneumococcal polysaccharides.121 Purification of the type-specific polysaccharide of Pneumococcus Type II was effected by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in M sodium chloride in this way, the ribonucleic acid, a persistent impurity in preparations of this polysaccharide, was almost completely removed. The complex formed between the polysaccharide and the nucleic acid is largely dissociated in M sodium chloride, so that the two are free in this solvent and may be separated on the basis of their differing molecular size. 

Two major metabolites were isolated by paper chromatography (from trichloroacetic acid extracts of the cells) and were identified as 8-azaguano-sine 5-phosphate and 8-azaguanosine, respectively. The two compounds were present in the ratio of 4 1. The structure of the 8-azaguanosine 5-phosphate was indicated by chromatographic and electrophoretic comparison of it with (a) the 5-nucleotide prepared by the action of snake venom on the bacterial ribonucleic acid containing 8-azaguanine, and (b) the 3-nucleotide prepared by alkaline hydrolysis. 

Holzl, G. et al. Analysis of biological and synthetic ribonucleic acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using monolithic capfllary columns. Anal. Chem. 2005,77, 673-680. 

Essential components of the ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA and DNA) such as nucleosides and nucleotides can also be analyzed with anion exchange chromatography. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, as well as their nucleotides, nucleosides, and base constituents play an important role in many vital biochemical processes of medical interest. To better understand these processes, fundamental investigations into the structure, occurrence, search for modifications, and biochemical impact of structural variation are required. Thus, reliable high-resolution analytical methods for the separation and identification of the nucleic acid constituents (often at extremely low concentration levels) had to be developed. Chromatography (including reversed-phase hquid chromatography), ion exchange chromatography, dHPLC, and electrophoresis... 

Yurrow (1022) followed similar procedures in his determination of Co and V in plant tissue. Flikke and Steinnes (278) used chromatography and activation analysis to determine base ratios in small samples of ribonucleic acid and McCandless (596) and Rommel and Keller (784) activated multispot chromatograms to identify S in polysaccharides and phosphate species, respectively. Gunther and Spenger (367) carried out a number of activation analysis experiments to determine organobromine compounds in vegetation. 

MEKC Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography RNA Ribonucleic Acid... 

The reader may well ask what nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) have to do with ion chromatography. Nucleic acids are very large biological molecules that are more like linear polymers and bear little similarity to common anions such as chloride and sulfate. Nevertheless, DNA and RNA are anionic by virtue of the phosphate groups attached to each nucleotide sugar unit. Nucleic acids can be separated by chromatography, often by ion-pair methods similar to those described in Chapter 9. For these reasons, it seems appropriate to include a chapter on DNA and RNA chromatography in this book. 

M. P. Stulberg, Separation oftransfer ribonucleic acids by reverse phase chromatography, J. Biol. Chem., 240, 3979, 1965. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerases have been separated and purified on DNA-glass columns, effecting more rapid purification than affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose (21,22). The DNA is coupled... 

---