Chopra and Meindl

Chopra and Meindl support the aspect of many-to-many relations and a supply chain network. Additionally, they add the aspect of direct relations between partners in the supply chain across several supply chain steps. The primary purpose of the supply chain is to satisfy customer needs, in the process generating profit for itself (Chopra/Meindl 2004, p. 5). 

Following Chopra and Meindl (2001), the key flows in a supply chain are the following ... 

A good discussion on timing of the promotions and their desired impacts is available in Chopra and Meindl (2010). It is very important that manufacturing and sales coordinate their efforts to successfully match supply and demand. 

Chopra and Meindl (2010) suggest that supply chain network design encompasses four phases Phase 1— Supply Chain strategy. Phase 2— Regional facility strategy. Phase 3—Desirable sites. Phase 4— Location choices. They also suggest a number of factors that enter into these decisions. We discussed models and methods for Phases 3 and 4 until now. We shall now address the first two phases. 

In recent years, there have been a large number of books about supply chain management at home and abroad, such as Christopher [8], Simchi-Levi [9], Ma et al. [10], Chopra and Meindl [15], Huang [16, 17], Zhang and Sun [18], and so on. 

Many business processes are shared by entities in the supply chain. The literature on the topic suggests various approaches to recordkeeping. These approaches may be quite sketchy, covering the supply chain operation in just three macro-processes (Chopra and Meindl 2004) or very detailed (Cooper, Lambert and Pagh 1997 Manganelli and Klein 1998 Bovet and Martha 2000). However, without doubt, the most important supply chain processes are the following (Croxton et al. 2001, p. 14 ff.) ... 

Chopra and Meindl (2007) published a framework (Fig. 6.2) that integrates the hitherto presented aspects of international network design into a decision-making procedure. The framework consists of four succeeding phases, of which only those phases not already elaborated above will be discussed in greater detail. 

Fig. 6.2 Network design decision framework, adopted from Chopra and Meindl (2007)...

Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment The CPFR model has been defined as "a business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple partners in the planning and fulfilment of customer demand," by the Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Association (VICS) (Chopra and Meindl, 2007, 466). The key aspect leading to a successful CPFR model is to build foundations on which channel members can synchronise their data and then establish standards for information exchange. 

Chopra and Meindl (2001, p. 6) define supply chain management (SCM) as "the management of flows between and among supply chain stages to maximize supply chain profitability." A more complete definition of SCM by... 

---