Cholesterol testosterone

BCRP (ABCG2) Cisplatin, folate, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, topotecan, irinotecan, steroids (cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone), certain chlorophyll metabolites, and others... 

T FIGURE 10-19 Steroids derived from cholesterol. Testosterone, the male sex hormone, is produced in the testes. Estradiol, one of the female sex hormones, is produced in the ovaries and placenta. Cortisol and aldosterone are hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal gland they regulate glucose metabolism and salt excretion, respectively. Prednisolone and prednisone are synthetic steroids used as antiinflammatory agents. 

Addition of the enolate of the hindered 17 - /er/- bu ty Id im e thy I si I y I - pro tec ted testosterone was successfully used by Rubin, Kenyon, and co-workers to prove the efficiency of sequential double Michael-type additions to C6o (cf. Section IV.C.l.d and Scheme 1.20).378 Fullerene-steroid conjugates derived from vitamin D, cholesterol, testosterone, and estrone were, finally, reported by Wilson, Schuster, and co-workers 411... 

In men, LH acts on testicular Leydig cells to stimulate de novo synthesis of testosterone from cholesterol. Testosterone is required for gametogenesis within the seminiferous tubules and for maintenance of libido and male secondary sexual characteristics (see Chapter 58). FSH acts on the... 

Some common steroids include cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen. 

Testosterone promotes muscle growth deepening of the voice the growth of body hair and other male secondary sex characteristics Testosterone is formed from cholesterol and IS the biosynthetic precursor of estradiol the principal female sex hormone or estrogen Estradiol is a key substance m the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the reproductive process It is the hormone most responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics... 

A direct, one-step aromatization of 19-substituted steroids has appeared in the Hterature, ie, cholesterol (3), dehydroisoandrosterone, androsterone, progesterone (1), and testosterone react with an electrophilic mthenium complex, C Ru , where Cp represents Tj -cyclopentadienyl, obtained through protonation of [Cp Ru(OCH2)]2 using triflic acid, to provide estrone (20) directly (46). 

Testosterone, the principal male sex steroid hormone, is synthesized in five steps from cholesterol, as shown below. In the last step, five isozymes catalyze the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactions that interconvert 4-androstenedione and testosterone. Defects in the synthesis or action of testosterone can impair the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and cause the disorders of human sexuality termed male pseudohermaphroditism. Specifically, mutations in isozyme 3 of the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the fetal testis impair the for-... 

FIGURE 25.43 The steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, with intermediate formation of pregnenolone and progesterone. Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone steroid, is a precursor to /3-estradiol. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, and aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, are also derived from progesterone. 

Sex Hormones Testosterone and androsterone are the two most important male sex hormones, or androgens. Androgens are responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty and for promoting tissue and muscle growth. Both are synthesized in the testes from cholesterol. Androstenedione is another minor hormone that has received particular attention because of its use by prominent athletes. 

Lipid panel total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides within normal limits Hemoglobin A1c 8.0% (0.08), testosterone 700 ng/dL (24 nmol/L)... 

Cholesterol is the biochemical precursor of cortisone, estradiol, and testosterone. 

Recently, Voogt et al. [91] have reported on the d5-pathway in steroid metabolism of Asterias rubens. These workers established the existence of the d5-pathway (Scheme 20), analogous to the pathway found in mammals this conclusion was based on the observation that radiolabeled cholesterol (1) was converted to pregnenolone (112), 17a-hydroxypregnenolone (141), and androstenediol (142). Labeled pregnenolone was converted additionally to progesterone (129). Androstenediol (142) was the main metabolite of de-hydroepiandrosterone (143), a reaction catalyzed by 17/i-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17/1-HSD). The metabolic conversion of androstenedione (131) to testosterone (132) is also mediated by 17/J-HSD and is related to... 

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