Choice of technology

The ehoiee of technology is dictated by the need for high conversion, the requirements of the syngas composition, and by the scale of operation. 

For the intermediate range representing the capacity of world-scale methanol plants, a combination of tubular reforming and a secondary oxygen blown reformer is normally the optimum solution. In this concept, the tubular reformer is operating at less severe conditions, i.e. lower outlet temperature (see Section 2.6.2). 

Still operates at the maximum temperature of 900°C, which means higher content of non-converted methane. 

For small-scale operation, convective reformers are preferred due to compactness. The same is true for CPO units, in particular when an air-blown process is acceptable or when oxygen is available. The oxygen membrane technology may have a potential in such situations. 

---

The choice of technology, the associated capital, and operating costs for a chlor—alkaU plant are strongly dependent on local factors. Especially important are local energy and transportation costs, as are environmental constraints. The primary difference ia operating costs between diaphragm, mercury, and membrane cell plants results from variations ia electricity requirements for the three processes (Table 25) so that local energy and steam costs are most important. 

Application of TEG creates prerequisites for a considerable reduction of the electrically conductive additive s weight content in the electrode (provided, the choice of technological operations in making electrodes, which do not reduce considerably p, is correct). The concept... 

The choice of technology (CORBA, function calls, and so on) for connecting components. 

For the membrane cellroom of the same capacity there are two choices of technology type either monopolar or bipolar electrolysers. In the case of monopolar membrane electrolysers (Fig. 15.9), such as the ICI FM1500, one membrane electrolyser can replace one diaphragm cell. Since the membrane electrolyser has smaller dimensions there is an overall space saving. The monopolar membrane electrolysers may use the same pipework galleries and overhead crane from the... 

This monograph is focused primarily on hydrolysis of cellulose. However, the choice of technology for cellulose hydrolysis depends both on the state of the cellulose when it reaches the hydrolysis process and on the fermentation (or other) technology to be applied to the output of the cellulose hydrolysis process. Dr. Humphrey s chapter treats the downstream fermentation technology this chapter is concerned primarily with preparation of cellulose for hydrolysis. 

Finally, for all other technologies there are only small differences in the C02 generation between the current and future cases, thus indicating that, in terms of C02 releases, the choice of technology is more important than the technology advances that have been assumed. 

The Drug Information Framework enables developers to build healthcare solutions faster, using the time-tested NDDF Plus knowledge base and critical decision-support modules. The Framework gives developers a choice of technologies and access layers, so it can adapt to most platforms, operating systems, development tools, and relational databases. Application environments can include the Internet client/server networks stand-alone desktops and handheld wireless devices. 

Free allocations to new entrants entails a serious risk of competition distortions between Member States. Moreover, free allocations to new entrants can lead to loss of environmental integrity as it may affect choice of technologies. If free allocations to new entrants are maintained, ex-ante benchmarking should be preferred. 

The capital cost of the synthesis gas often accounts for more than 50% of the cost of the complete plant. The optimal choice of technology depends upon the size of the plant and the desired syngas composition for the subsequent synthesis. In Table 1, the optimum syngas composition for a range of final products is given. ... 

Leontief, Vassily, "The Choice of Technology", Scientific American, Vol. 252, No. 6, June 1985, Page 37... 

Reliability/operability. The experience that a given type of system has accumulated in processing conventional and chemical munitions is a significant factor indicator in the choice of technology. 

The choice of technology depends on the desired composition of the produced synthesis gas (preferred carbon-to-hydrogen ratio, presence/absence of nitrogen). 

---