Chloroethylenes 1548 —

Fluoroplastics. Conventional plasticizers are used as processing aids for duoroplastics up to a level of 25% plasticizer. However, certain grades of Kel-E (chlorotriduorethylene) contain up to 25 wt % plasticizer to improve elongation and increase softness the plasticizers used are usually low molecular weight oily chloroethylene polymers (5). 

Vinyl chloride (also known as chloroethylene or chloroethene) is a colorless gas at normal temperature and pressure, but is typically handled as the hquid (bp —13.4° C). However, no human contact with the Hquid is permissible. Vinyl chloride is an OSHA-regulated material. 

Vinyl chloride is Hsted as "ethene, chloro-" on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory and on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL). It is Hsted as "chloroethylene" on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), bearing the identification number 2008 310 (149). 

Poly(vinyl chloride) is Hsted on the TSCA inventory and the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL) as ethene, chloro-, homopolymer [9002-86-2]. Because polymers do not appear on the European Community Commercial Chemical Substances listing or EINECS, poly(vinyl chloride) is listed through its monomer, vinyl chloride [75-01-4]. In the United States, poly(vinyl chloride) is an EPA hazardous air pollutant under the Clean Air Act Section 112 (40 CER 61) and is covered under the New Jersey Community Right-to-Know Survey N.J. Environmental Hazardous Substances (EHS) List as "chloroethylene, polymer" with a reporting threshold of 225 kg (500 lb). 

Acyl halides may also be added to ethylene ia the presence of aluminum chloride to form halogenated ketones. At low temperatures, ethylene reacts with halogens to yield dihaloethanes. At high temperatures, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are formed. The most profitable route for chloroethylene is via ethylene dichloride (see Chlorocarbonsandchlorohydrocarbons). 

The intermediate product, l,l-di-( -chlorophenyl)-2,2-di-chloroethylene can be isolated readily. The mixture is gradually (7-8 minutes) heated to reflux temperature and is then refluxed 2 minutes. The mixture is eooled and poured into 1 1. of cold water, and the product is removed by suction filtration. 

The lUPAC systematic name is poly(-l-chloroethylene). The term vinyl is commonly, if misleadingly and unscientifically, used to describe compounds and products based on PVC. 

Polyvinyl chloride Poly(chloroethene) Poly( 1 -chloroethylene)... 

Chloroethanol, see Ethylene chlorohydrin Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Chloroethene, Chloroethylene, Vinyl C Monomer, VCL,VCM Chemical Formula CH2=CHC1. 

Oxidative reactions of dienes are accomphshed under similar conditions as those of alkenes. Abicydic diene synthesized from hexafluorobenzene and 1,2-di-chloroethylene is monoepoxidized by triflnoroperoxyacetic acid [43] (equation 35). 

Tlie reaction of l,l-bis(dialkylamino)-2-chloroethylenes 50 with elemental sulfur in the presence of EtsN yielded the corresponding inner salts 51 in high yields. It was assumed that the elimination of HCl from the dithiirane intermediates 52 formed the inner salts 51 [92JCS(CC)1522 97HAC505]. 

The following method is described in U.S. Patent 2,430,891. To a solution of 10 parts of tris-p-methoxyphenyl ethylene in 35 to 40 parts of carbon tetrachloride Is added a solution of 2.0 parts of chlorine in 50 parts of carbon tetrachloride, with stirring, and over a period of Vj hour. The carbon tetrachloride is then removed by distillation on a steam bath and the residual oil is recrystallized from 250 to 400 parts of methanol, decolorizing with charcoal or the like if necessary. Tris-p-methoxyphenyl chloroethylene is obtained in a yield of 65 to 75%. It melts at 113° to 114°C. 

Figure 7-6. The PPG Industries Inc. Chloroethylene process for producing perchloro- and trichloroethylene (1) reactor, (2) graphite exchanger, (3) refrigerated condenser, (4) scrubber, (5) phase separation of perchlor from trichlor, (6, 7) azeotropic distillation, (8) distillation train, (9-11) crude trichlor separation—purification, (10-16) crude perchlor separation—purification.

Chloroethylene vinyl chloride) H2C== CHCI Polyfvinyl chloride) Tcdlar Insulation, films, pipes... 

Vinylic (Section 8.3) A term that refers to a substituent at a double-bond carbon atom. For example, chloroethylene is a vinylic chloride, and enols are vinylic alcohols. 

Numerous research activities have focused on the improvement of the protective films and the suppression of solvent cointercalation. Beside ethylene carbonate, significant improvements have been achieved with other film-forming electrolyte components such as C02 [156, 169-177], N20 [170, 177], S02 [155, 169, 177-179], S/ [170, 177, 180, 181], ethyl propyl carbonate [182], ethyl methyl carbonate [183, 184], and other asymmetric alkyl methyl carbonates [185], vinylpropylene carbonate [186], ethylene sulfite [187], S,S-dialkyl dithiocarbonates [188], vinylene carbonate [189], and chloroethylene carbonate [190-194] (which evolves C02 during reduction [195]). In many cases the suppression of solvent co-intercalation is due to the fact that the electrolyte components form effective SEI films already at potential which are positive relative to the potentials of solvent co-intercalation. An excess of DMC or DEC in the electrolyte inhibits PC co-intercalation into graphite, too [183]. 

Polyvinyl Chloride. (Chloroethene homopolymer, Chloroethylene polymer, PVC, Vybak, Geon, Breon, Welvic, Deckor, Vinacort, Ultron, Vinyl-ite, Koroseal, Marvinol). A synthetic thermoplastic polymer white powder or colorl granules ... 

We might predict that of the six chloroethylenes the C-Cl distance would be smallest in vinyl chloride, which resonates between the structures... 

A test of this relation is shown in Fig. 2, the seven points being those determined experimentally for phosgene and the six chloroethylenes. 

Fig. 2.—The relation between bond angle and carbon-chlorine distance for phosgene and the chloroethylenes.

The most extensive application which was made of the resonance curve was to the carbon-chlorine bond in phosgene and the chloroethylenes. In the electron-diffraction study of these substances2 the carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen doublebond values 1.38 and 1.28 A. were assumed the question accordingly arises as to what effect the new double bond values would have on the carbon-... 

Chloro,2,3,-Epoxypropane, see Epichlorohydrin 2- Chloroethanol, see Ethyiene chlorohydrin Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride Chloroform (trichloromethane) 13.0... 

Dodecylpyridinium iodide-reversed micelles trapping chlorophyll a have been suggested as interesting photochemical model systems [22] and water/AOT/chloroethylene systems as peculiar dry-cleaning solvents [64]. 

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