Chlorine from blood cells

Another area of concern is exposure to fat-soluble compounds such as PCBs or chlorinated pesticides. All cells contain lipids or fat the high number of densely packed cells of the brain means that the brain is just a big ball of fat. The brain is a great storage site for fat-soluble compounds that can cross the blood-brain barrier. An additional concern is that these compounds can be mobilized from the fat of women breastfeeding their infants, resulting in exposure to the infant and, given the size of the infant, this exposure translates into a large dose. 

Patents have also been obtained on ascorbic acid as the active principle for the removal of chlorine from water, making the water palatable for drinking (723,724,725). The addition of ascorbic acid (1 g) and sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) to chlorinated water (15 L) will result in a palatable water according to a U.S. patent (723), City tap water treated with chlorine-ammonia (726) was observed to cause hemolytic anemia in patients in dialysis units of a hospital. Confirmation of this condition was obtained in in vitro tests in which the suspected water damaged red blood cells. Ascorbic acid addition to the treated water reduced the anemia problem in the patients in subsequent time periods. 

A second effect results from inhalation. For example, petrolenm prodncts are simple narcotics toluene affects blood cell production (the effect can be reversed), and also lowers sperm connt chlorinated hydrocarbons can cause liver and kidney damage and disturbance of heart rhythm which is sometimes fatal. 

A Buffer Agent.—Cell membranes are more or less permeable to the Cl-ion, but relatively impermeable to the metallic ions that accompany it. Potassium is located chiefly in cells sodium is found chiefly in tissue fluids. The Cl-ion is able to migrate between cell and surrounding fluid in response to changes in K+ or Na+ concentration. This chloride shift occurs in blood when increase in carbonate concentration drives chlorine from plasma to red cell, or vice-versa. Conversely, removal of carbon dioxide during pulmonary aeration causes chlorine to pass from the red cells to the plasma. 

Rapid-acting cytotoxin that disrupts cell membranes in the liver (hepatoxin) causing an accumulation of blood in the liver. It is the most toxic of the Microcystins. It is a solid obtained from freshwater blue-green cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis cyanea). It is heat stable and water soluble. Aqueous solutions are "probably stable" and resistant to chlorine at 100 ppm. It is also soluble in alcohol and acetone. 

Mercury compounds continue to have numerous commercial uses. Besides its use as a preservative, mercury is used in the manufacture of many technical and medical instruments including blood pressure measurement devices, manometers, thermometers, and barometers. Mercury is also used in production of certain types of fluorescent lamps and in the chloralkali industry, where chlorine and caustic soda are produced using brine electrolysis in mercury cells. Metallic mercury is used in the production of precious metals such as gold and silver. As part of the production process, metallic mercury can be used to concentrate gold from... 

Several questions arise. How did these trihalomethanes get into the pool and why are they a problem in indoor pools THMs are products of chemical reactions between the chlorine used to disinfect the pool and organic substances from the swimmers themselves. Skin cells are shed into the pool, along with lotions and other body care products. Organic molecules from these substances are chlorinated to produce the trihalomethanes. THMs are volatile compounds. In an outdoor pool, they would evaporate and be blown away by the breeze. In an indoor pool, where there is less air circulation, THMs tend to build to higher concentrations in the air above the pool. These fumes are inhaled by the swimmers and the THMs diffuse into the blood. 

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