Chlorine complex with ammonia

Coordination Compounds. Palladium forms numerous complexes with ammonia and with simple amines. Examples are [Pd(NH3)4]2+ [15974-14-8], [PdCl(dien)]+ [17549-31-4], cis-[PdCL (NH3)2] [15684-18-1], and trans-[PdC (NH3)2] [13782-33-7]. Monoammine complexes such as [PdCl3 (NH3)] [15691-32-4] are stable but less common. Examples of aromatic amine complexes include trans- [PdCf (pyr)2] [14052-12-1], [PdCl2(bipy)] [14871-92-2], and nucleosides such as [PdCl(dien)(guanosine)]+ [73601-42-0] (193). Complexes of Pd(IV) such as [PdCl2(NH3)4]2+ [70491-81-5] and [PdCl4(bipy)] [57209-01-5] may be prepared by chlorine oxidation of the corresponding Pd(2+). The aromatic amine Pd(IV) complexes are more stable than ammine and aliphatic amine species, which are reduced to Pd(II) in water or thermally (194). 

Chlorine (CI2) complex with ammonia, 82 sigma bond, 77... 

Titanium forms three series of salts in which the element is respectively tetra-, tri-, and mono-valent. Thus, titanium and chlorine form titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, titanium trichloride, TiCl3, and titanium monochloride, TiCl. The two last are unstable and readily pass into the higher chloride. Titanium tetrachloride shows a marked resemblance to tin tetrachloride it unites easily with hydrochloric acid in solution, with formation of the complex acid, ehloro-titanic acid, [TiCl6]tI2, and forms many crystalline products with other chlorides. It also unites with ammonia, forming ammines. 

A study of the platinum-ammines shows that a large number of them can be arranged in two well-defined series. One series is derived from platinic chloride, PtCl and the other from platinous chloride, PtCl2. The co-ordination number of the former is six and the latter, four. Thus, with ammonia and chlorine as the acidic radicle in the complex,... 

AuC13OH], etc.—the linkage between the metal and the acid radicle is not broken and virtually no gold ions are formed. If auric tetramminonitrate, [Au(NH3)4](N03)3, be treated with potassium chloride, auric tetramminochloride, [Au(NH3)4]C13, is probably first formed and, owing to the affinity between the outer sphere and the complex itself, ammonia is displaced and the series of auric amines, [AuCl(NH3)s]Cl2, [AuC12(NH3)2]C1, and [AuC13NH3], is produced. As a matter of fact, some of the combined chlorine passes out with the ammonia as ammonium chloride, and hydroxyl remains in the complex. This subject has been studied by F. Ephraim, A. Pieroni, E. Weitz, etc. 

Heavy metal azides have more covalent structures and detonate upon heating or mechanical stress. Lead diazide Pb(N3)2 is used as an initiator for explosives. Like chlorine, azide can act as a ligand in complexes. The complex azido anions are often more stable than binary azide complexes (see Ammonia N-donor Ligands). Dinuclear azide complexes are found with two coordination modes of the azide ion, (56) and (57) depicted in Scheme 20. 

Elements of Group V were made to replace further chlorine atoms.752 In the presence of ammonia, however, alcohol reacted completely, and Sb(OEt)5,NH3 could be isolated. The monoalkoxy derivatives Sb(OR)Cl4 form complexes with a wide variety of amine oxides and phosphine oxides which are monomeric in nitrobenzene.753 Monosubstituted species also result when antimony pen-tachloride is treated with either sodium formate or sodium acetate in methylene dichloride,754 and vibrational data for the compounds obtained, SbCl4(02CH) and SbCl4(02CMe), have been discussed in terms of monomeric structures. 

Contact of polysaccharides with halogens may produce sorption complexes. The action of chlorine on cereals has been used to improve baking properties,2253 but the observed effect could be due to the oxidative effect of chlorine on flour polysaccharides (consult Section VII) and other reactions of nonsaccharide flour components. Chlorination of flours increases their viscosity2254,2255 and hydrophobicity.2256 Chlorinated flours have also been reported as adhesives2257 and as oil collectors.2258,2259 Their stability can be increased by neutralization with ammonia.2260... 

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