Chlorine-based chemicals

Pingdingshan Shenma Chlorine Base Chemical Industrial Co Ltd... 

If decontamination caimot be left to natural processes, chemical neutralizers or means of physical removal must be employed. In general, the neutralizers are of two types chlorine-based oxidants or strong bases. Some neutralizers have been especially developed for the decontamination of chemical agents. 

R. Tauler, A.K. Smilde, J.M. Henshaw, L.W. Burgess and B.R. Kowalski, Multicomponent determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons using a reaction-based chemical sensor. 2 Chemical speciation using multivariate curve resolution. Anal. Chem., 66 (1994) 3337-3344. 

Tauler R., Smilde A.K., Hemshaw J.M., Burgess L.W., Kowalski B.R., Multicomponent Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Using a Reaction-based Chemical Sensor. Part 2. Chemical Speciation Using Multivariate Curve Resolution, Anal. Chem. 1994 66 3337-3344. 

The third method of dissolution is based on the mild chlorination of chemically modified wood according to Sakata and Morita (13) (Postchlorination method). Chlorination, in fact, resulted in enhanced solubility of chemically modified wood in solvents, including phenol. For example, chlorinated cyanoethylated wood does not only dissolve in cresol even at room temperature, but it also dissolves (under heating) in resorcinol, phenol and a LiCl-dimethylacetamide solution. 

Two-thirds of the chlorine produced in North America is consumed by the organic chemicals industry (25% goes to ethylene dichloride production alone). Pulp and paper mills account for another 15%, while 5% of the total is used in water treatment. All of these applications, however, have environmental implications that led to demands from activist groups that the production of chlorine derivatives be reduced (even, in the extreme view, phased out entirely). While these concerns are being taken seriously in all quarters, and some chlorinated products have already been banned, the fact is that chlorine-based technologies make, and will continue to make, important positive contributions to human health and prosperity. Indeed, at the time of writing in 1996, chlorine consumption continues to rise, al-... 

NOTE Chlorine is widely used in the protection of drinking water, the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, crop pesticides, paper, rubbers, resins and plastics, and thousands of other products. Nevertheless, since the early 1990s, there has been a groundswell of opinion to either ban or severely limit the use of chlorine in all manners of processes. This is based on observations associated with the probable adverse effect to the environment from certain chlorinated organic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and the insecticide DDT. There is also concern in a number of other areas, for example, that free chlorine may contribute to effluent toxicity due to the formation of chloramines and trihalomethanes (THMs). In the United States in 1993 to 1994, this opinion was fueled by the possibility that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would... 

Halons such as Halon-1211 (CF2BrCl) and Halon-1301 (CF3Br) are bromi-nated CFCs which are used as fire extinguishers. Like CFCs, Halons are chemically inert in the troposphere but photolyze in the stratosphere. Photolysis releases bromine atoms, which can remove stratospheric ozone in a cycle that is analogous to the chlorine-based cycle above. The bromine cycle can couple... 

Polyurethane-based materials having hot water resistance, strength, and chlorine and chemical resistance were prepared by the author [4] by reacting poly(n-butyl acrylate) containing mercapto termini with 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. 

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