Chlorate anion

For anions that end in -ate, the suffix of the acid is -ic. For example, the acid of the chlorate anion C103", is chloric acid, HC103. 

On the basis of reactions (1), (6), and (7) we can see that chlorate can be produced in an undivided cell in a consecutive process consisting of an electrochemical, a chemical, and another electrochemical process, needing nine electrons to generate a chlorate anion. But there is a better pathway, using the hydrolysis of elemental chlorine in water, depending on the pH-value... 

Now there is only one electrochemical step included (Eq. (1)) and instead of nine electrons only six are needed for the generation of a chlorate anion. The lack of oxygen generated in the process is of no importance. 

Acheson and Jacobs [9] concluded that the decomposition of anhydrous Mg(CC04)2, ill vacuum, )delding residual MgO, involved the stepwise removal of oxygen from the anion. The first step in 004 breakdown yields the chlorate anion and is believed to proceed through a chain mechanism ... 

The shape and size of self-assembled micellar systems depend on the conditions for a given system. Changes can be induced, e.g., by addition of cosurfactant or salt or by high surfactant concentrations. An aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) exhibits a transition from spherical micelles to elongated cylinders upon addition of chlorate anions, which is shown, for instance, by a strong increase in viscosity [25]. This system was experimentally studied by TRLQ, with results in good agreement with theory, as shown in Fig. 4. 

Several examples of competition between simple anions have been observed. Thus the perchlorate and the thiocyanate anion inhibit concentration of the iodide anion by the thyroid gland, without affecting the oxidative incorporation of the iodide anion into thyroxine (Stanbury and Wyngaarden, 1952). Likewise, the organism Nitrobacter, which oxidizes nitrite to nitrate, is inhibited by cyanate or chlorate (anions), an effect easily reversed by washing (Lees and Simpson, 1957). 

The ISO 10304-4 standard specifies a method for the determination of dissolved chlorite, chloride, and chlorate anions in water at low levels of contamination (e.g., drinking water, raw water, swimming-pool water). An appropriate sample pretreatment and detection using conductivity, UV, or amperometric method ensures working ranges from 0.03-10 pg/L (chlorate) to 0.01-1000 pg/L (chlorite). 

The product C103 , a one-electron-reduced chlorate anion, could then reduce ClOj to CIO2- ... 

If an exchange reaction occurs, nickel would react with phosphate to form nickel phosphate, Ni3(P04)2 (the reasoning is the same as for barium phosphate). Barium would react with chlorate to form barium chlorate, Ba(C103)2. Two chlorate anions are necessary to balance the +2 charge from the barium cation. The balanced molecular equation, without regard to phase, is the following ... 

Fig. 8. Density vs. IL molar fraction for four systems with ethanol and chlorate anion.

---