Chloramphenicol sensors

McNiven S, Kato M, Yano K, Karube I (1998) Chloramphenicol sensor based on an in situ imprinted polymer. Anal Chim Act 365(6) 69-74... 

Park I. S., Kim D. K., Adanyi N., Varadi M., and Kim N., Development of a direct-binding chloramphenicol sensor based on thiol or sulfide mediated self-assembled antibody monolayers. Biosens Bioelectron., 19(7), 667-674, 2004. 

Low-pressure flow injection interfaces have been used as links between the extractor and either a photometric detector [118], a flow-through potentiometric sensor [119] or a piezoelectric sensor [120] in dynamic flow injection (FI) systems. Figure 7.18 depicts these unusual types of interface. In the first (Fig. 7.18A), a membrane phase separator (total fluid volume 50 pi) was used to remove CO, from the extract. In this way, interferences were suppressed while ensuring quantitative transfer of the solutes (viz. chloramphenicol and penicillin G) to the hydrodynamic system. 

Based on the observation that chloramphenicol (CAP)-imprinted polymer possessed a modest affinity for chloramphenicol-methyl red (CAP-MR), Levi et al. [65] designed an intriguing MIP sensor to monitor the change of CAP in patients blood (Fig. 6). The presence of CAP in blood leads to a competitive displacement of CAP-MR from the imprinted cavities. The displaced composite is subsequently monitored at 460 nm. After optimizing the flow rate and concentration of CAP-MR in acetonitrile mobile phase, the response of this system to CAP, thiamphenicol (TAM), and chloramphenicol diacetate (CAP-DA) was determined (Fig. 7). As observed for CAP, there was a linear correlation over the range 1-1000 pg/mL. However, for CAP-DA almost no appreciable response was achieved, even if it was injected to 1000 pg/mL. As also observed, the value for CAP was about 40% higher than that for TAM at the same concentration. This revealed that CAP could compete more efficiently with the bound CAP-MR than TAM did. Further information showed that this method was adequate for detection below and above the recommended therapeutic range (10-20 pg/mL serum, potentially toxic above 25 pg/mL). 

Micromonoliths used as sensor recognition elements provide a quick and easy fabrication scheme. One limitation to these monolith sensors was their capacity. The capacity of rod polymers was found to be very low and lower than LC columns packed with MIP particles. However, their ability to separate templates such as chloramphenicol from structurally similar analogues has been shown to be slightly better [47]. This may be an indication that while the number of viable imprinted sites is less, they are of similar selectivity. 

Figure 8 Flow injection analysis (FIA) based fluorescent competitive sensor based on molecularly imprinting acrylic polymer. (Reprinted with permission from Suarez-Rodrfguez JL and Dfaz-Garcfa ME (2001) Fluorescent competitive flow-through assay for chloramphenicol using molecularly imprinted polymers. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 16(9-12) 955-961 Elsevier.)...

Zhou et at reported an MIP optical sensor, as well as a CNT-gold nanoparticle electrode modified with MIPs for chloramphenicol [367,368]. In the former experiment they developed an inverse photonic crystal sensor that could selectively sense... 

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