Chitosan, chromatography

Protein isolation with affinity precipitation has been discussed in detail by Mattiasson and co-workers (see, e.g. Galaev and Mattiassion, 1997) and they have provided an exhaustive tabulation. Polymers varied from alginate.s/chitosan to dextran to NIPAM. Examples of the used proteins are from trypsin, p-glucosidase, xylanase, alkaline protease, etc. It is remarkable that affinity precipitation can sometimes give results comparable to affinity chromatography. 

Beri, R. G., Walker, J., Reese, E. T., and Rollings, J. E., Characterization of chitosans via coupled size-exclusion chromatography and multiple-angle laser light-scattering techniques, Carb. Res., 238, 11, 1993. 

Franco, P., Senso, A., Minguillon, C., and Oliveros, L. (1998) 3,5-Dimethylphenylcarbamates of amylose, chitosan and cellulose bonded on silica gel. Comparison of their chiral recognition abilities as high-performance liquid chromatography chiral stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A 796, 265-272. 

Difficulties are encountered in carrying out controlled, partial hydrolyses of chitin because of the need to use concentrated acids to dissolve the polysaccharide. Chitosan (de-A -acetylated chitin), however, is water-soluble and amenable to controlled hydrolysis. Using ion-exchange chromatography, a chitosan hydrolyzate has been fractionated to give at least five saccharides, the first two of these having been characterized as 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose hydrochloride and chitobiose hydrochloride. > Fractionation of chitosan hydrolyzates on oarbon-Celite was only successful after selective A-acetylation and then it yielded the first seven members of a series of chitin saccharides, the properties of which clearly indicate the... 

Ohga et al. cross-linked chitosan with epichlorohydrin to give an imprinted resin [7]. The obtained resin was utilised in column chromatography for separating metal ions. The column packed with a Cd(II)-imprinted resin could separate Cd(II),... 

These biopolymers can be used for the immobilization of metal ions not only with the final objective of metal recovery (and subsequent valorization by desorption or chemical/thermal destmction of the polymer matrix) but also for elaborating new materials or designing new applications. Depending on the metal immobilized on the biopolymer, it is possible to design new sorbents (immobilization of iron on alginate [119], of molybdate on chitosan [59], for As(V) removal, of silver on chitosan for pesticide removal [120]), supports for affinity chromatography [121], antimicrobial material [122], drug release material [123], neutron capture therapy [124], and photoluminescent materials [125]. These are only a few... 

Others Enzyme immobilization Encapsulation of nutraceuticals Chromatography Analytical reagent Synthetic fiber Chitosan-coated paper Manufacturing material for fiber Film and sponges... 

The most common amino polysaccharide is chitosan, derived from chitin by N-deacetylation, and the N-deacetylation reaction can be conducted with little degradation of the polysaccharide chain. The depolymerization and sulfation of chitosan by sulfuric acid have been studied. Chitosan has several applications, for example, in the collection and separation of metal ions, and, in admixture with cellulose, for thin-layer, ion-exchange chromatography. - ... 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data showed that the reacety-lated chitosan was polydisperse, with fractions in the MW range 2 x 10 -1 X 10 Da (average 5 x 10 Da) after 10 min contact with papain, the average value was... 

Kucera J (2004) Fungal mycelium - the source of chitosan for chromatography. J Chromatogr B 808 69-73... 

Affinity chromatography of hen egg white lysozyme on chitosan without any intermediate reagent has proved to be a suitable means of purification of the enzyme, subsequently elution being achieved with 1-aminopropane. ... 

The molecular weight of chitosan is another important property that determines its suitability for a particular application. It determines the viscosity of its solution and the strength of chitosan fiber and film. The molecular weight of chitin and chitosan depends on its source and deacetylation conditions [time, temperature, and concentration of NaOH], respectively [1, 4]. Molecular weight of chitosan determined by various methods such as viscometry [28], gel permeation chromatography [29] and light scattering spectrophotometry [30]. 

Chitosans find a wide variety of applications in chromatographic separations. The presence of free amino and hydroxyl groups in chitosan makes it a useful chromatographic support. Chitosan can be used in thin layer chromatography for separation of nucleic acid and solid phase extraction of phenols and chlorophenols [69]. 

H. Sato, S.-I. Mizutani, S. Tsuge, H. Ohtani, K. Aoi, A. Takasu, et al., Determination of the degree of acetylation of chitin/chitosan by pyrolysis-gas chromatography in the presence of oxalic acid, Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 7-12. 

M. Terbojevich, A. Cosani, B. Focher, E. Marsano, High-performance gel-permeation chromatography of chitosan samples, Carbohydr. Res. 250 (1993) 301-314. 

J. Brugnerotto, J. Desbrieres, G. Roberts, M. Rinaudo, Characterization of chitosan by steric exclusion chromatography. Polymer 42 (2001)09921-09927. 

Liu Y, Eeng Z, Shao Z, Chen X. Chitosan-based membrane chromatography for protein adsorption and separation. Mater Sci. Eng. 2012 32 1669-1673. 

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