Chitooligosaccharides

Moreover, the lipo-chitooligosaccharides, also known as nod factors, permit nitrogen fixation by which plants and symbiotic Rhizobia bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to the ammonia that is utihzed by the plant, thus making available nitrogen compounds to other living organisms. 

Therefore, the ability of certain POs to bind with chitin is a widespread phenomenon and -possibly - connected with the defence reactions of the organisms to pathogen attacks. Since it was shown that some biogenic molecules - such as chitooligosaccharides or salicylic acid -can activate an anionic POs, we might suggest that an application of these compounds optimises the process of anionic PO isolation with a chitin. 

Brownleader M.D. Hopkins J. Mobasheri A. et al. (2002) Role of extension peroxidases in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum MiU.) seedling growth // Planta V. 210. P. 668-676. Burhanova G.F. Yarullina L. G. Maksimov I. V. (2007) Effect of chitooligosaccharides on wheat defence responses to infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana / / Russ. J. of plant physiology. V. 54. P. 104 -110. 

Cabrera J. C. Messiaen J. Cambier P. Van Cutsem P. (2006) Sise, acetylation and concentration of chitooligosaccharides eHcitors determine the switch from defence involving PAL activation to cell death and water peroxide production in Arabidopsis cell suspensions / / Physiologia plantarum. V. 127. P. 44-56. 

Maksimov I. V. Gherepanova E. A. Surina O. B. (2010) Effect of chitooligosaccharides on peroxidase isoenzyme composition in wheat calli co cultured with bunt causal agent / / Rus. J. of Plant Physiol. V. 57. P. 131-138. 

Jeon, Y. J. and Kim, S. K. (2000). Continuous production of chitooligosaccharides using a dual reactor system. Process Biochem. 35, 623-632. 

FIGURE 2.33 Mass spectra of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation (DA). 

Vauzeilles, B, Dausse, B, Palmier, S, Beau, J-M, A one-step (3-selective glycosylation of A-acetyl glucosamine and recombinant chitooligosaccharides, Tetrahedron Lett., 42, 7567-7570, 2001. 

Hydroxybutyric acid-hydroxyvaleric acid copolymer membranes were treated with ozone and grafted with acrylic acid. The membranes were further grafted with chitosan or chitooligosaccharide via esterification and immobilised with hyalmonic acid. Antibacterial activities were investigated. Surface properties were characterised using a water contact angle goniometer. 26 refs. 

The E. histolytica lectin specific for chitooligosaccharides is a 220 kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the attachment of amoebic tropozoites to layers of cultured MDCK cells [152,153]. 

Tsukada, S. and Inoue, Y. 1981. Conformational properties of chitooligosaccharides—titration, optical rotation and C-13 NMR-studies of chito-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr. Res. 88, 19-38. 

In a phosphate buffer (50 mM), initial concentration of 7 100 mM. Indicating for disappearance of corresponding monomer. Isolated yields. Determined using pullulan, chitooligosaccharide and chitosanoligosaccharide standards. 

Jeon Y J, Park P J, Kim S K (2001). Antimicrobial effect of chitooligosaccharides produced by bioreactor. Carbohyd. Polym. 44 71-76. 

Ohara N et al (2004) Early gene expression analyzed by cDNA microarray and RT-PCR in osteoblasts cultured with water-soluble and low molecular chitooligosaccharide. Biomaterials 25(10) 1749-1754... 

In most of the examples reported to date, from mono- to tetrasaccharides, the observed effects on chemical shifts and line broadening indicate that the interaction is basically rapid on the chemical-shift NMR timescale. For extended chitooligosaccharides, the process takes place more slowly. Association... 

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