Chitin-glucan

The cell wall of fungi is a complex, multilayered structure formed by at least two major polysaccharides. These major polysaccharides have been used as a taxonomic criterion for fungi, as some of them contain chitin-glucans, and others, glucomannans.123... 

Lazarova M., Labaj J., Kogan G., and Slamenova D. 2006. Carboxymethyl chitin-glucan enriched diet exhibits protective effects against oxidative DNA damage induced in freshly isolated rat cells. Neoplasma 53 434 39. 

Chitin-glucan is extracted from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger, which is a by-product of the production of citric acid for food and pharmaceutical industry. The chemical structure of chitin-glucan is illustrated in Figure 36.3. 

In addition to the technological performance of chitin-glucan, the lack of toxicity and allergenicity of this product has been clearly demonstrated. 

In a recent study, Bornet et al. (Bornet and Teissedre 2008) demonstrated that chitosan and chitin-glucan from fungal origin can reduce the levels of iron, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd), thereby improving wine safety and quality. Red, white, and sweet wines were spiked with either Fe (20 mg/L), or Pb (500 pg/L) and Cd (20 pg/L). The wines were then treated with chitosan and chitin-glucan, at a dose of 0.1, 0.5, and 2 g/L. Depending on the treatment, red wines showed reduction in iron concentration by 73%-90%, in cadmium concentration by 29%-57% and in... 

FIGURE 36.4 Effect of chitin-glucan (CG) and chitosan (Cs) on removal of iron and lead from wine (initial concentration of iron = 23 mg/L, initial concentration of cadmium = 19 ig/l, and initial concentration of lead = 150 (ig/L, pH = 3.8). 

Bomet A., Teissedre P.L., 2008. Chitosan, chitin-glucan and chitin effects on minerals (iron, lead, cadmium) and organic (ochratoxin A) contaminants in wines. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 226 681-689. 

Gautier S, Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Gonry P, Pierard GE. Chitin-glucan, a natural cell scaffold for skin moisturization and rejuvenation. Int J Cosmet Sd 2008 30 459-69. 

Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007 56(7) 1761—1772. Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Verstraete W, De Backer F, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Dietary modulation of clostridial cluster XlVa gut bacteria (Roseburia spp.) by chitin-glucan fiber improves host metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diet in mice. / Nutr Biochem. 2012 23... 

K.M. Zlotnikov, A.V. Kazakov, N.G. Vinokurova, A.K. Zlotnikov, Study of chitin-glucan complexes from soil micromycete Cephaliophora tropica D3, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol, 43 (4), 449-452,2007. 

C. Roca, B. Chagas, I. Farinha, E Freitas, L. Mafra, F. Aguiar, R. Ohveira, M.A.M. Reis, Production of yeast chitin-glucan complex from biodiesel industry byproduct, Proc. Biochem., 47 (11), 1670-1675,2012. 

V.P. Ivshin, S.D. Artamonova, T.N. Ivshina, EE Sharnina, Methods for isolation of chitin-glucan complexes from higher fungi native biomass, Pol Scl Ser. B, 49 (11-12), 305-310, 2007. 

T.N. Ivshina, S.D. Artamonova, V.P. Ivshin, EE Sharnina, Isolation of the chitin-glucan complex from the fruiting bodies of mycothallus, Appl Biochem. Microbiol, 45 (3), 313-318,2009. 

D. Smirnou, M. Krcmar, E. Prochazkova, Chitin-glucan complex production by Schizophyllum commune submerged cultivation, Polish J. Microbiol, 60 (3), 223-228,2011. 

M.R. Vysotskaya, G.V Maslova, VA. Petrova, L.A. Nud ga, Electrochemical recovery of chitin-glucan complex from Pleurotus ostreatus basidial fungus and properties of the product,/. Appl Chem., 82 (8), 1390-1395,2009. 

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