Chills intravenous

Patients with a low surface to volume ratio may take considerably longer to cool by surface techniques. For these patients additional cooling can be provided by the use of chilled intravenous solutions, bladder irrigation, and gastric lavage. 

The polyene Amph B (intravenous formulation) has the broadest spectrum, is fungicidal and shows its superiority in immunosuppressed patients. Its only drawback is its infusion-related toxicity and its negative influence on renal function. Acute reactions to Amph B - usually fever chills, rigor and nausea - can be... 

In patients receiving infliximab, monitor for infusion-related reactions such as hypotension, dyspnea, fever, chills, or chest pain when administering intravenous doses. 

Hudarabine phosphate is a fluorinated nucleotide analog of the antiviral agent vidarabine. Its cytotoxicity is not well understood. It is rapidly dephospho-rylated at the cell membrane level and then rephos-phorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate derivative. It inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA primase. It is also incorporated into DNA and RNA. Hudarabine is administered intravenously by infusion over 30-120 min. It is eliminated by renal excretion with a terminal half life 10 hours. Adverse effects include myelosuppres-sion, nausea, vomiting, chills and fever. The number of CD4 positive cells is reduced and the incidence of opportunistic infections is increased. 

The most common side effects, which are related to the intravenous infusion itself, include rash, low blood pressure, chills, and chest pain. These symptoms are generally temporary and often respond to a decrease in infusion rate. In addition, some patients develop antibodies, which have been associated in rare cases with symptoms similar to those of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These symptoms were also temporary. Another side effect is increased risk of infections. Fatal cases of tuberculosis have been reported following infliximab therapy. Another potential side effect is an increased risk of lymphoma. Its occurrence remains controversial. 

An 18-year-old man sustains a minor laceration of his right forearm. Approximately 2 days later the laceration site becomes red and swollen. He also begins to develop fever and chills. The patient eventually goes to the local hospital s emergency department. By this point his forearm is swollen and the skin is light brown. Cultures of his wound and two blood cultures 15 minutes apart are obtained. Intravenous cephalosporin is begun. However, over... 

The major adverse effect associated with vancomycin therapy is ototoxicity, which may result in tinnitus, high-tone hearing loss, and deafness in extreme instances. More commonly, the intravenous infusion of vancomycin can result in chills, fever, and a maculopapular skin rash often involving the head and upper thorax (red man syndrome). Red man syndrome is associated with increased levels of serum histamine. Vancomycin is rarely nephrotoxic when used alone. Teicoplanin rarely causes red man syndrome or nephrotoxicity. 

Flulike symptoms, including fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia, are the most common side effects of interferon therapy. These symptoms occur in more than 50% of patients given injections of interferons either intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. Intralesional injection may produce milder flulike symptoms with somewhat less frequency. Tolerance to these symptoms generally develops with repeated dosing. 

Fever, chills, and tachypnea commonly occur shortly after the initial intravenous doses of amphotericin B this is not generally an allergic hypersensitivity to the drug, which is extremely rare. Continued administration of amphotericin B is accomplished by premedication with acetaminophen, aspirin, and/or diphenhydramine or the addition of hydrocortisone to the infusion bag. 

Infliximab is administered in combination with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. A dose of 3 mg/kg is administered via intravenous infusion and is repeated after 2 and 6 weeks followed by the maintenance dose every 8 weeks. The recommended dose for Crohn s disease is 5 mg/kg. The side effects associated with the administration of infliximab include acute infusion reactions (fever, chills, chest pain, hypotension and rare anaphylaxis), increased risk of infection, production... 

The safety and efficacy of amphotericin colloidal dispersion have been evaluated in 148 immunocompromised patients with candidemia (20). ABCD was given intravenously in a median daily dose of 3.9 (range 0.1-9.1) mg/kg for a median of 12 (range 1-72) days. In the safety analysis (n = 148 patients), nephrotoxicity occurred in 16% of the patients, with either doubling of the baseline serum creatinine concentration or an increase of 88 pmol/l (1.0 mg/dl) or a 50% fall in calculated creatinine clearance. Severe adverse events were believed to be probably or possibly related to ABCD in 36 patients (24%), including chills and fever (9.5%), hypotension and abnormal kidney function (4%), tachycardia, asthma, hypotension (3%), and dyspnea (2%). ABCD was withdrawn in 12%... 

Intravenous administration of DAMB has been associated with pulmonary reactions, including dyspnea, bronchospasm, fever, and chills in contrast to rare reports of dyspnea after liposomal amphotericin (5), dyspnea was not associated with general toxic reactions. The possibility that liposome overload is the explanation of this reaction should be considered. 

Acute hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with the first infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (14,15). The symptoms included flushing, shortness of breath, facial swelling, headache, chills, back pain, tightness in the chest and throat, and hypotension. Similar reactions have been reported after the intravenous administration of colloid imaging agents and unloaded liposomes. 

The rate of adverse effects associated with intravenous immunoglobulin varies among different studies, which has been attributed to factors such as the indication, the dosage, the infusion rate, and the patient s age (12). In one study, headache and chills were related to a higher dosage. 

Of 56 patients with autoimmune diseases who received high dosages of intravenous immunoglobulin, 20 had at least one adverse effect after one or more courses of treatment (12). The most frequently reported adverse effects were low-grade fever, headache, and chills. The authors concluded that the occurrence of adverse effects with intravenous immunoglobulin was not related to the clinical response to treatment. However, patients who developed adverse effects during the first course of treatment were more at risk of adverse effects during subsequent courses. 

Mild adverse effects of intravenous immunoglobulin, such as headache, chills, nausea, backache, and flushing, occur at a rate of 5-10% (101,135). Most of these... 

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