Communication children

D.M. O Mullane, J. Clarkson, T. Holland, S. O Hickey, H. Whelton, Effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries in Irish children, Commun. Dent. Health 5 (1988) 331-344. 

L. Skdid, B. Sundquist, B. Eriksson, C. Edeland, Four-year study of caries inhibition of intensive Duraphat application in 11-15-year-old children, Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 22 (1994) 8-12. 

G.M. Davies, H.V. Worthington, R.P. Ellwood, E.M. Bentley, A.S. Blinkhom, G.O. Taylor, R.M. Davies, A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of providing free fluoride toothpaste from the age of 12 months on reducing caries in 54-year old children. Community Dent. Health 19 (2002) 131-136. 

DePaola, P.F. Soparkar, P. Foley, S. Bookstein, F. Bakhos, Y. Effect of high-concentration ammonium and sochum fluoride rinses on dental caries in school children. Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 1977, 5 (1), 7-14. 

Examples now abound of how individuals as consumers and as citizens are demanding safer chemicals. The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics is a coalition of organizations and individuals advocating to "phase out the use of chemicals linked to cancer, birth defects and other health problems and replace them with safer alternatives." The City of San Francisco passed a resolution in 2006 to ban the manufacture, sale, and distribution of child care articles and toys that contain bisphenol A or phthalates. Meanwhile across the Atlantic, the European Union enacted in December 2006 a monumental piece of legislation that regulates for the first time the vast majority of chemicals used to manufacture products. In short, people want products and the chemistry behind them to be safe and healthy for their children, communities, and themselves. 

Zadik, D. and Eidelman, E. (1975) Tetracycline-stained teeth in Jerusalem preschool children. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol, 3, 69. 

Parent-child communication score Talking with parent(s) about school or study tests and games, supervision of homework, read stories by parents. A higher score indicates a higher degree of communication. 

Burden,J. Childs, A C. Parsons I W.Tatlow J C 7 Chem Soc, Chem Commun 1982, 534... 

Currently, many physicians advise their patients at risk for anaphylaxis in the community to carry two epinephrine doses with them at all times [30]. In school settings, it has been proposed that one epinephrine autoinjector should be available for each child at risk, along with several extra autoinjectors available as back-up for all children at risk [31]. 

The team also assisted the infants caretakers with obtaining appropriate medical care and treatment. The primary health care of 58 percent of the infants was received from physicians who lived within the foster family s community 42 percent of infants returned to the UCLA Pediatric Clinic for routine pediatric follow-up. In order to promote optimal medical care for all infants, team members provided the primary physician with summaries of the child s birth history, developmental progress, and information regarding the medical treatment and management of the PCP-exposed infant. 

Chung T, Martin CS, Armstrong TD and Labouvie EW (2002). Prevalence of DSM-IY alcohol diagnoses and symptoms in adolescent community and clinical samples. Journal of American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(5), 546-554. 

Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM, Lefkowitz ES, Pakiz B and Frost AK (1993). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a community population of older adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 369-377. 

Xi, L. Squires, C. H. Monticello, D. J., and Childs, J. D., A flavin reductase stimulates DszA and DszC proteins of Rhodococcus erythropohs IGTS8 in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997. 230(1) pp. 73-75. 

If the client is an adolescent or child and engaging in antisocial behavior, then comorbid Conduct Disorder should be considered, although such behavior also may indicate an Oppositional-Defiant Disorder if there is little deviant behavior but lots of arguing and defying the wishes of authorities such as parents and teachers. Adult antisocial behavior is difficult to treat but usually involves use of behavior modification (see Chapter 5) through the use of incentives. Conduct Disorder and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder can be successfully treated with behavior modification and by modifying the youth s environment (e.g., using multisystemic therapy or the community reinforcement model — see Chapter 5). 

Subsystems can interact with each other in many ways. This pattern defines a consistent scheme governing those interactions. For every subsystem, you may choose to uniformly have a distinguished head object that controls the connections between its children s ports and those in other subsystems based on a naming scheme. The head object also mediates all control and asynchronous communication between the subsystem and its parent system and coordinates the activities of its child components (see Figure 12.3). This arrangement gives a consistent structure for every subsystem a head object, a defined role relative to its children, and a consistent protocol regardless of actual subsystem function. 

Longer-term Health Adyisory (child adult) Maximum Contaminant Leyel Chloroform Total THM (community and non-transcient, 0.1 mg/L (child 0.4 mg/L (adult) 0.1 mg/L ERA 1994e ERA1994e... 

Tennant FS, Tarver AL, Rawason RA (1983) Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence. In Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence, NIDA Research Monograph 49. USDHHS publication no, 84-1316, pp 239-246 Tercyak KP, Herman C, Audrain J (2002) Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms with levels of cigarette smoking in a community sample of adolescents, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41 799-805... 

Frencken JE, Truin GJ, Van t Hof MA, Konig KG, Kahabuka FKA, Mulder J and Kalsbeek H (1991) Fluoride in drinking water and caries progression in a Tanzanian child population. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 19,180-181. 

Suicidality in children and adolescents Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in short-term studies in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of trazodone or any other antidepressant in a child or adolescent must balance this risk with the clinical need. Patients who are started on therapy should be observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Trazodone not approved for use in pediatric patients (see Clinical worsening and suicide risk and Children sections in Warnings). 

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