Chicken and the egg

Meyer RE How to understand the relationship between psychopathology and addictive disorders another example of the chicken and the egg, in Psychopathology and Addictive Disorders. Edited by Meyer RE. New York, Guilford, 1986, pp 3-16 Monteiro MG, Klein ]L, Schuckit MA High levels of sensitivity to alcohol in young adult]ewlsh men a pilot study. ] Stud Alcohol 32 464 69, 1991 Mueller TI, Stout RL, Rudden S, et al A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of carbamazepine for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res... 

GENERAL CHAIRMAN PELOFSKY I have a problem with your answer, Henry. You say to remove the institutional barriers, and that s fine, except in order to remove the barriers, you need the approval of Congress and that means their constituency must approve that. It s almost the chicken-and-the-egg situation. How do you get what comes first ... 

Despite its intuitive appeal, the cell-as-a-city metaphor has not become anything like as popular as the chicken-and-the-egg, and it is... 

We have now organized a new study in which we will be able to look at that more longitudinally. So, we will be able to separate the chicken and the egg issue in terms of the desire to influence society. 

KCE on its own offers an alternative to spectroscopic methods KCE-based measurements are based on the dependence of one of the binding parameters (kon, ko , or Kd) on temperature. First, a calibration curve of binding parameter versus temperature is built for an affinity pair of choice, which can, for example, be an aptamer and its protein target. Advantageously, the calibration curve does not need to be built with a CE instrument in question. It can be built with another (verified) CE instrument or with a non-CE technique such as SPR. Second, the same binding parameter is measured in the CE instrument in question and the calibration curve is used to find the temperature inside the capillary. In addition to solving the chicken and the egg problem, the KCE approach also measures an effective temperature in the total volume of the capillary, which is a more relevant value than that measured at the detection point. 

Another strength of Sutherland s work is that it solves the chicken-and-the-egg paradox by saying that both the chicken and the egg came about at once, if chemical reactions fostered both replicating (RNA) and metabolizing (amino acid) molecules... 

The nucleotides which consist of three parts, namely a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate radical, are a very important group of compounds since one or more of them is involved in virtually every biochemical process. The adenosine di- and tri-phosphates which play an essential part in cellular energy exchanges have a nucleotide-type structure as do many of the coenzymes. Furthermore, nucleotides constitute the monomeric units of which the nucleic acids are composed that is to say nucleic acids are polynucleotides. The nucleic acids which are of two types, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are responsible for directing the synthesis of proteins. They specify the unique sequence of amino acids in any particular protein and consequently should be regarded as primordial molecules on whose existence that of the proteins depends. However, since the synthesis of the nucleic acids depends on enzymes which are themselves proteins, this poses the fundamental evolutionary question as to which came first - the biochemical version of the problem of the chicken and the egg ... 

The problem is like the age-old chicken-and-the-egg problem which came first—the chicken or the egg In this case, which came first—DNA or proteins It is a problem for which science currently does not have a satisfactory answer. 

Naturally occurring phospholipids can be isolated from a variety of sources. One of the most common phospholipid raw materials is egg yolk. However, since the composition of egg phospholipid is from a biological source and can vary considerably depending on age of the eggs, the diet of the chickens, and the method of processing, newer enzymatic and synthetic chemical methods now are being employed to manufacture the required phospholipid derivatives in higher purity and yield. 

For some time now, the hydrogen economy development has been on hold because of this issue no company is willing to sell (nor a customer willing to buy) a car for which there are no refueling stations, and no energy provider is willing to invest in developing a massive supply infrastructure for which there is no demand (hence, the chicken or the egg situation). 

Ciechanover, A. and Brundin, P. The ubiquitin proteasome system in neurodegenerative diseases sometimes the chicken, sometimes the egg. Neuron, 2003, 40, 427 6. 

I had just enough time before dinner to give the Maestro a quick summary of what I had learned. That left him to do most of the talking at table, which he normally does anyway. As we headed to the dining room, I was pleased to see that his lameness was less marked, his disposition was improving, and he was definitely caught up in the Honeycat case now. Which effect was the chicken, which the egg, and which the rooster, I do not speculate. 

Andersson, L, B. Teglof, and K. Elwinger. 1990. Transfer of Cs from grain to eggs and meat of laying hens and meat of broiler chickens, and the effect of feeding bentonite. Swedish Jour. Agricul. Res. 20 35-42. 

The public should be well informed of the risks involved in certain foods and should also take measures, avoiding consumption of suspicious meat, chicken and seafood. Eggs should be fresh and stored in the refrigerator. Raw eggs should be avoided for consumption. Preparation of these foods requires high temperatures for cooking and sufficient time to avoid half-baking in order to eliminate potential bacterial contamination. 

Most analyses of the hydrogen transition rest on what is referred to in this literature (for example, NRC, 2008b) as the chicken-and-egg problem (which alludes to the popular puzzle which came flrst the chicken or the egg ). Applied to the hydrogen transition, this is interpreted to mean that... 

The analyses of egg proteins by CZE, CIEF, or MEKC were reviewed by Recio et al. In addition, an interesting application of CE coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) was the detection of lysozyme from chicken and turkey egg white. Since one of the problems of protein separations was the possible interaction with the capillary wall, a polymer coating compatible with CE-MS was developed, and the usefulness of this method was shown by the analysis of a minced meat extract containing chicken egg white as adulterant (Table 30.8). ... 

Hays-Thomas, R., Bendickjr., M. (2013). Professionalizing diversity and inclusion practice Should voluntary standards be the chicken or the egg Industrial and Organizational Psychology Perspectives on Science and Practice, d(3), 193-205. doi 10.111/iops.l2033... 

We mentioned that enzymes polymerize DNA and RNA according to the base sequence information. These enzymes are themselves proteins, and DNA and RNA make proteins. It means that the genetic material and its product (the protein) are like a chicken and an egg. This is a poetically wonderful symbiosis ... 

Which comes first, the chicken or the egg The same question must be asked about attempts to define atmospheres (in terms of time of wetness and deposition rates of SO2 and chloride) so that corrosion rates of zinc can be assessed, whereas others have used zinc corrosion rates to assess the corrosivity of the atmosphere. In this connection, the 10-year tests at seven sites (Fig. 2.28) by Holler, Knotkova, et al. (1986-1987) mostly show straight-line relationships with time this analysis of corrosion rate versus sulfur dioxide plus chloride contents of the atmosphere showed a linear rate for freely exposed zinc, but in semienclosed conditions with high sulfur dioxide plus chloride, the corrosion was slightly less than if a straight-line relationship applied. 

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