Chewing behavior

Mastication rate. Mastication rates affect the extent of aroma release dramatically. A standard rate, such as 50 to 60 cycles/min, should be chosen if one is not interested in the effect of mastication rate. Usually, relatively high rates will be used (e.g., >50 cycles/min), corresponding to the chewing rates people apply when consuming solid foods. When interested in the effect of chewing behavior on flavor release, a range of mastication rates can be applied, e.g., 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 cycles/min. 

Mioche, L., Bourdiol, P. and Monier, S. (2002). Changes in chewing behavior induced by aging and consequences in texture perception during meat consumption. In Degraaf (ed.) Tenth Food Choice Conference. Wageningen, The Netherlands. 

Relationship between ruminal environment and chewing behavior in dairy cattle... 

The importance of pharmacokinetics should not be underestimated. The effects of psychoactive drugs are determined not only by their pharmacodynamic mechanisms, but also by how much of the drug reaches the brain, and how fast it does so. A cardinal example of this involves the behavioral differences between chewing coca leaves, snorting cocaine... 

The rice rat, Rattus rattoides, from southern China also self-anoints, at least in the laboratory. Presented with filter paper carrying anal glandsecretion from the weasel Mustda sibirica, rice rats chewed the paper and rubbed the pieces against both of their flanks. Even laboratory-born naive rice rats anointed themselves in this fashion. Weasel or fox urine did not release anointing behavior (Xu etal, 1995). 

Both male and female coyotes, C. latrans, are attracted to volatile aldehydes from sheep liver and estrous urine of female coyotes. The most active compoimds were octanal, nonanal, decanal, and imdecanal. The aldehydes released sniffing and rub-rolling, but little lick-chewing and biting. Therefore, these compoimds are better suited to attract coyotes to traps than to toxicant-delivery systems that rely on the latter behaviors (Scrivnereta/., 1984). 

Be very careful about using vaporized extracts, vaporized leaves, or smoking extract enhanced leaves. These require a sitter to be present. Chewing quid or smoking leaves is much less likely to produce out-of-control behavior than these are. 

Michel, C. et al., Cardiovascular, electrocortical, and behavioral effects of nicotine chewing gum, Klin. Wochenschr., 66 (Suppl. 11), 72, 1988. 

Loh, S. K., Chew, S. M., and Choo, Y. M. 2006. Oxidative Stability and Storage Behavior of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Used Palm Oil. I. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, 947-952. 

---