Chemosensors, artificial

Various modified CyDs have been prepared to improve their binding affinities and selectivities controlled by external factors such as photons, metal ions, or pH. Such CyDs can act as chemosensors, artificial enzymes, drug carriers, or reaction fields. CyDs have been used as scaffolds for highly preorganizing functional units. There are aheady many reviews on modified CyDs [1-6, 8, 9, 123-125], so here we summarize only developments reported in the last seven years. 

Jacques V, Desreux JF (2002) New Classes of MRI Contrast Agents. 221 123-164 James TD, Shinkai S (2002) Artificial Receptors as Chemosensors for Carbohydrates. 218 159-200... 

James TD, Shinkai S (2002) Artificial Receptors as Chemosensors for Carbohydrates. 218 ... 

Shinkai S. (1997) Aqueous Sugar Sensing by Boronic-Acid-Based Artificial Receptors, in Desvergne J.-P. and Czarnik A. W. (Eds), Chemosensors of Ion and Molecule Recognition, NATO ASI series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 37-59. 

The use of synthetic materials that imitate recognition characteristics of biological materials has been explored. Particularly, MIPs can be thought of as viable alternates to replace natural receptors. Due to easier methods of in situ preparation as films on electrode surfaces or in membranes and, hence, easier fabrication, the field of chemosensors featuring artificial receptors has received broad attention showing a pronounced progress. 

Ojida A, Mito-oka Y, Inoue M, Hamachi I. First artificial receptors and chemosensors toward phosphorylated peptide in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 2002 124 6256-8. 

Due to the complex structure of odor space, it is an extremely interesting and challenging question whether the olfactory system has a correlate of retinotopic maps in vision or frequency maps in audition. And if it does, what would be the organizing principle of such an odor map Furthermore, can we learn from this organization of biological olfactory systems to build artificial chemosensor systems that perform at levels comparable to the performance of the former in general olfactory sensing tasks ... 

Differential sorption of compounds within the artificial mucosa gives rise to a temporal fingerprint in the chemosensor response which is sensitive to the concentrations and presence of different compounds. The important aspect here that is distinct from previous techniques exploiting the temporal dimension is that the delivery of the stimulus itself becomes specific to the compound(s) being delivered, which imposes... 

Fig. 5.3. Comparison of normalized chemosensor responses for an uncoated and coated artificial olfactory mucosa, a) Uncoated mucosa. Responses of sensor SI (PEVA sensor material composite) close to the inlet and S39 (PCL sensor material composite) close to the outlet of the microchannel. b) Responses from the same sensors in the coated mucosa. (Reprinted with permission by Royal Society, London).

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