Chemometrics traceability

The second part of the book—Chapters 9-12— presents some selected applications of chemometrics to different topics of interest in the field of food authentication and control. Chapter 9 deals with the application of chemometric methods to the analysis of hyperspectral images, that is, of those images where a complete spectrum is recorded at each of the pixels. After a description of the peculiar characteristics of images as data, a detailed discussion on the use of exploratory data analytical tools, calibration and classification methods is presented. The aim of Chapter 10 is to present an overview of the role of chemometrics in food traceability, starting from the characterisation of soils up to the classification and authentication of the final product. The discussion is accompanied by examples taken from the different ambits where chemometrics can be used for tracing and authenticating foodstuffs. Chapter 11 introduces NMR-based metabolomics as a potentially useful tool for food quality control. After a description of the bases of the metabolomics approach, examples of its application for authentication, identification of adulterations, control of the safety of use, and processing are presented and discussed. Finally, Chapter 12 introduces the concept of interval methods in chemometrics, both for data pretreatment and data analysis. The topics... 

Nowadays, the synergistic use of instrumental analytical techniques and chemometrics represents the best way to obtain trustworthy results in the development of authenticity and traceability models [11-26],... 

Someone could ask why chemometrics Today, there are different reasons that lead the researchers to use chemometrics. First of all, authenticity and traceability issues are multivariate in fact, they cover many different aspects including the chemical and physical characterisation, the adulteration, the discrimination, the control of production process, and mislabelling. 

In the first part of this chapter, a briefly description of European regulations Authenticity and Traceability The European Union Point of View) and trace-ability and authenticity markers Authenticity and Traceability A Scientific Point of View) is reported. The second part is split into two sections namely Food Traceability and Food Authenticity applications, where the main features and advantages of some chemometrics approaches are presented. 

This chapter deals with the potentialities of chemometrics tools in resolving some real problems related to food traceability and authenticity. Since each chemometrics technique is widely explained in the previous chapters of the present book, only the application aspects are discussed in the present treatise. Particular attention will be paid only to the use of some exploratory, classification, and discrimination techniques. Moreover, all instrumental details are outside the aim of this chapter and will not be presented here. 

In the last decades, the interest of different researchers towards the use of analytical methodologies supporting the authenticity and traceability of food is ever-increasing. In particular, chemometrics tools combined with different analytical techniques are widely used to verify the authenticity of food. In the past two decades, a large number of contributions including numerous review articles and books dealing with quality and authenticity control have been published [11-26]. 

Chemometrics Approaches for Soil Sampling Planning in Traceability Studies... 

The synergistic use of chemometrics, MIR and NIR spectroscopy, has been proved to be a valid tool for geographical traceability discriminatimi of concentrated musts. In particular, the two used classification methods, that is SIMCA, PLS-DA, provide slightly different results and Table 8 shows a... 

Bertacchini L, Durante C, Marchetti A, Sighinolfi S, Silvestri M, Cocchi M. Use of X-ray diffraction technique and chemometrics to aid soil sampling strategies in traceability studies. Talanta 2012 98 178-84. 

Totaro S, Coratza P, Durante C, Foca G, Li Vigni M, Marchetti A, et al. Soil sampling planning in traceability studies by means of Experimental Design approaches. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2013 124 14-20. 

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