Chemokines overview

Stein JV, Nombela-Arrieta C. Chemokine control of lymphocyte trafficking a general overview. Immunology 2005 116 1-12. 

D Ambrosio, D., Panina-Bordignon, P., and Sinigaglia, F. (2003). Chemokine receptors in inflammation An overview./. Immunol. Methods 273, 3-13. 

A wide variety of ligands that use STM receptors and share signal transduction pathways will be considered and compared in this overview. This includes cell-derived chemokines, ETB4, PAF, complement-derived C5a, bacterial-derived fMFP, neuropeptides, and related ligands. 

Although additional chemokines and chemokine receptors will probably continue to be identified for some time, adding to what is already a system of enormous complexity, there is already enough known to discern important patterns of specificity and activity, as described in this overview. An area which... 

Chemokines are a family of small, structurally related molecules that play a fundamental role in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system (overview provided in Chap. 1). Four closely related subfamilies of chemokines have now been characterized (13,14). Of these, members of two subfamilies in particular have definitively been shown to participate in pulmonary antimicrobial host responses. The ELR+ CXC chemokine family members, which includes CXCLl-8 and CXCL15, have predominant neutrophil stimulatory and chemotactic activities, whereas the ELR CXC chemokines and CC chemokine family exerts predominant chemotactic and/or activating effects on macrophages, specific T cell populations, and/or eosinophils (14). Several lines of evidence would suggest that CXC and CC chemokines represent integral components of antimicrobial host defense. First, the well characterized in vitro and in vivo leuko-... 

Members of the CXC chemokine family play disparate roles in the regulation of angiogenesis (an overview of chemokines is provided in Chap. 1). CXC chemokines are characteristically heparin-binding proteins. On a structural level, they have four highly conserved cysteine amino acid residues, the first two cysteines separated by one nonconserved amino acid residue—hence the name CXC (45-57). Although the CXC motif distinguishes this family from other chemokine families, a second structural domain within this family dictates their angiogenic potential. The NH2 terminus of the majority of the CXC chemokines contains three amino acid residues (Glu-Leu-Arg the ELR motif), which precedes the... 

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