Chemokine receptors classes

The first report of the action of a chemokine on neurons was published in 1993. The study demonstrated that IL-8 could increase the survival of cultured neurons (Araujo and Cotman, 1993). However, as can be appreciated from its name, IL-8 was not known to be a chemokine at that time and was instead classed as an interleukin. Indeed, the expression of chemokine receptors by neurons was not generally appreciated until around 1997/1998 when several reports suggested this. These reports included observations of the expression of chemokine receptors by neuronal cell lines (Hesselgesser et al. 1997), primary cultures of neurons (Meucci et al. 1998 Ohtani et al. 1998), and in brain sections from HlV-1, Alzheimer s disease, and other patients (Horuk et al. 1997 Westmoreland et al. 1998 Xia et al. 1997). Furthermore, data were obtained, suggesting functions for chemokine signaling in the development of the nervous system (Zou et al. 1998) as well as in neuronal survival and communication (Giovannelli et al. 1998 Meucci et al. 1998). 

Imai Y, Ibata I, Ito D, Ohsawa K, Kohsaka S (1996) A novel gene ibal in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224 855-862 Imitola J, Raddassi K, Park KI, Mueller FJ, Nieto M, Teng YD, Frenkel D, Li J, Sidman RL, Walsh CA, Snyder EY, Khoury SJ (2004) Directed migration of neural stem cells to sites of CN S injury by the stromal cell-derived factor lalpha/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 18117-18122... 

Mirzadegan, T., Diehl, F., Ebi, B., Bhakta, S., Polsky, L, McCarley, D., Mulkins, M., Weatherhead, G. S., Lapierre, J. M., Dankwardt, J., Morgans, D., Jr., Wilhelm, R., and Jarnagin, K. (2000). Identification of the binding site for a novel class of CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonists Binding to a common chemokine receptor motif within the helical bundle./. Biol. Chem. 275, 25562-25571. 

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