Chemokine receptor activation, molecular

Salanga, C. L., O Hayre, M., Handel, T. (2009). Modulation of chemokine receptor activity through dimerization and crosstalk. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 66(8), 1370-1386. 

Understanding of the molecular basis of chemokine receptor activation has been aided considerably by the determination of the crystal structure of the related GPCR bovine rhodopsin (Palczewski et al., 2000), allowing... 

Xanthou G, Wilhams TJ, Pease JE (2003) Molecular characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 evidence for the involvement of distinct extracellular domains in a multi-step model of ligand binding and receptor activation. Eur J Immunol 33 2927-2936 Xia MQ, Hyman BT (1999) Chemokines/chemokine receptors in the central nervous system and Alzheimer s disease. J Neurovirol 5 32-41... 

It is well established that NF-kB signaling plays a critical role in inflammation and immunity. Understanding the mechanism of NF-kB involvement in opioid receptor activation and chemokine expression may provide a vital key to understanding this complex signaling network. However, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms following activation of the opioid receptor family could aid in the development of future therapeutics for immune system-related and inflammatory diseases, drug addiction and HIV infection. 

Gosling J, Monteclaro FS, Atchison RE, et al. Molecular uncoupling of C-C chemokine receptor 5-induced chemotaxis and signal transduction from HIV-1 coreceptor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 94(10) 5061-5066. 

It is unknown whether or not TMVI movements play a role in the CCR5 receptor activation mechanism. Overall, a molecular understanding of activation mechanism for CCR5 and other chemokine receptors requires further biophysical studies of transmembrane helix positions and displacements. 

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