Oxidative stress chemical sensitivity

The importance of the dihydro and tetrahydro oxidation states of pterins in biology has stimulated interest in the study of the chemical properties of these compounds, especially with respect to electron-transfer and radical reactions. It has become apparent, perhaps unsurprisingly, that the stability and reactivity of these oxidation states are very sensitive to substituent effects and the much greater stability of the fully conjugated pteridines is most evident. The oxidation of tetrahydropterins and the reduction of dihydropterins have become especially important in the chemistry of nitric oxide production in nature and in oxidative stress but the accumulation of relevant facts has not led so far to a detailed understanding of the chemical property relationships. Relevant information is summarized in the following section. 

As can be seen from this list of symptoms, many are emblematic of multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue syndrome. This crossover of symptoms often complicates the diagnosis of FM. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and nitric oxide are believed to play a role in FM pathophysiology however, it is not clear at this time whether the oxidative stress abnormalities found in FM are the cause or the effect J46 59 ... 

The nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism proposed for chemical sensitization illnesses 23,46 dictates that chemicals that lead to oxidative stress in the body would exacerbate the effects by increasing nitric oxide and peroxynitrite concentrations. Many of the chemicals listed in Table 26.4 as well as other heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aromatic amines, phenols, alkenes, alcohols, and other compounds lead to increased nitric oxide and peroxynitrite concentrations. 77-81 Table 26.5 contains a partial list of these chemicals. 

Pall ML, Satterlee JD. Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism for the common etiology of multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome and posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001 933 323-9. 

Pall ML. Common etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity via elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite. Med Hypotheses 2001 57(2) 139-45. 

The addition of chromium forms a family of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys such as Hastelloy alloys C-276, C-22, and C-2000. These alloys contain 16 to 22 percent chromium and 13 to 16 percent molybdenum and are very resistant to a wide variety of chemical environments. They are considered resistant to stress-corrosion cracking and very resistant to localized corrosion in chloride-containing environments. These alloys are resistant to strong oxidizing solutions, such as wet chlorine and hypochlorite solutions. They are among only a few alloys that are completely resistant to seawater. The carbon contents are low enough that weld sensitization is not a problem during fabrication. These alloys are also more difficult to machine than stainless steel, but fabrication is essentially the same. 

---