Chemical reactions autoignition temperature

Hazard, i.e. the potential of the material to cause injury under certain conditions (flammability, explosion limits in air, ignition and autoignition temperatures, static electricity (explosions have occurred during drying due to static electricity), dust explosion, boiling point, fire protection (specification of extinguishers, compounds formed when firing), R S (nature of special risk and safety precautions). Table 5.2-5 lists hazards associated with typical chemical reactions. 

Flammable liquid flash point (closed cup) -11°C (12°F) vapor pressure 160 torr at 20°C (68°F) vapor density 1.48 (air = 1) the vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back autoignition temperature 322°C (612°F) fire-extinguishing agent dry chemical or alcohol foam firefighting should be done from an explosion-resistant area use water to flush and dilute any spill and to keep Are-exposed containers cool. Ethylenimine may polymerize under fire conditions. The reaction is exothermic, which may cause violent rupture of the container. 

Flammable liquid flash point (closed cup) 25°C (77°F) vapor density 3.4 (air = 1) vapor pressure 3.8 torr at 25°C (77°F) the vapor can travel some distance to an ignition source and flash back autoignition temperature 423°C (795°F) fire-extinguishing agent dry chemical, alcohol foam, or CO2 a water spray may be used to flush and dilute the spill. It forms an explosive mixture with air within the range 1.2-8.0% by volume of air. Its reactions with strong oxidizers can be violent. 

Combustible liquid flash point 44° C (111°F) vapor density 3.4 (air = 1) vapor pressure 2 torr at 20°C (68°F) autoignition temperature 420°C (788°F) fire-extinguishing agent water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam, or CO2. It forms explosive mixtures with air only at a high temperature, >100 C (212°F). The LEL value at this temperature is 1.1% by volume the upper limit is not reported. Violent reactions can occur with nitric acid and strong oxidizers. 

The first attempts to understand quantitatively the high-temperature chemical processes were related to combustion. They took place in the first part of the last century, partly with the development of thermal theories and theories for chain reactions and partly with work on high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons (to understand flame propagation) and low-temperature oxidation (to understand autoignition and knock in internal combustion engines). 

Inhomogeneities, however caused, can be amplified by pre-ignition reaction. The conditions under which they can give rise to autoignition centres and hot spots have been examined in terms of turbulent structure and simple thermal explosion theory. Bradley [180] assumed the size of an autoignition centre to have the spatial scale of temperature inhomogeneities, distributed about the integral thermal scale of the gas dynamic turbulence. These distributed sizes were compared with computed critical sizes for thermal explosion, for different values of chemical parameters in... 

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