Chemical potency

Jager T, Posthuma L, De Zwart D, Van de Meent D. 2007. Novel view on predicting acute toxicity decomposing toxicity data in species vulnerability and chemical potency. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 67 311-322. 

In fact, an isolation of compounds - such as the substituted tetrasilatetrahedrane shown in Scheme 1 -is in many cases not possible without introducing overloaded groups like the rBu3Si group, that is the supersilyl group [2]. In addition, compounds which possess underloaded as well as overloaded silicon atoms may become isolable but retain - like the silaneimine shown in Scheme 1 - their chemical potency... 

Besides purity (chemical potency), the physical characteristics and properties of the API are extremely important to the end user (drug product manufacturer). Characteristics such as crystal morphology, particle size and shape, bulk density, melting point, optical rotation, etc., have a profound effect upon the final drug product and its performance and stability. 

Only the combination of these two approaches (addition of scavenger and freezing) enables the irradiated human insulin in aqueous solution to meet the European Pharmacopoeia requirements for chemical potency [22]. 

Acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, QSAR, bioconcentration, chemical potency, toxicokinetics, organic chemicals. 

Chemical potency is reported in terms of water toxicant concentration rather than a body toxicant concentration. 

To quantify the influence of chemical potency, determined by toxicant concentrations, both in the external waterborne phase and in the internal organism phase, on the outcome of certain toxicity tests. 

The chemical potency or inherent toxicity of a variety of organic chemicals is essentially constant, when expressed in terms of the organism toxicant concentration, for the nature of the biological response and the type of toxic action discussed herein. Specifically, the product of molar water toxicant concentration times bioconcentration factor is a constant when steady-state equilibrium is approached, and ionization, if it occurs, is taken into account. 

It is possible to estimate, for some aquatic organisms, the whole-body toxicant concentration for some narcotic and narcotic-like organic chemicals (McCarty 1987). This was achieved by exploiting the interrelationship of a molecular descriptor (log octanol/water partition coefficient), typical aquatic toxicity test results (both acute and chronic endpoints), and experimental bioconcentration data. The results of this analysis support the contention of Ferguson (1948,1939) and McGowan (1952a, 1952b, 1951) that, for physical toxicity or narcosis, the chemical potency measured in the phase where toxic... 

A toxic effect is an adverse response in an organism caused by a chemical. Potency generally describes the rate at which a chemicai causes effects. More potent chemicals have higher rates than those that are less potent. For example, salt has low potency because there is a wide range of amounts over which the degree of toxic effects, if any, changes very slowly. 

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