Chemical equilibrium in the ideal solution

If a dilute solution of iodine in water is shaken with carbon tetrachloride, the iodine is distributed between the two immiscible solvents. If and are the chemical potentials of iodine in water and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, then at equilibrium n = /t. If both solutions are ideal dilute solutions, then, choosing Eq. (14.18) to express jj, and fx, the equilibrium condition becomes fx + RT nx = n + RT In x, which can be rearranged to 

Since both n and )x are independent of composition, it follows that 

If the solutions are quite dilute, then the mole fractions are proportional to the molalities or the molarities so we have 

In Section 11.7 it was shown that the condition of chemical equilibrium is 

If the solution is an ideal dilute solution, then for a reaction between solutes only, each l j is given by Eq. (14.18), 

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