Chemical energy transmission systems

With regard to the heat market, a light-water reactor (LWR) of the 1200 - 1400 MW(e) class has the potential to provide 10,000 GJ/h of low-temperature heat ( 320 °C) in the CHP mode. Since hot water and process steam cannot be transported directly over long distances, nuclear power can be economically used only in areas with large heat consumption density like chemical industrial complexes, or in long-distance heating systems where some of the candidate chemical energy transmission systems can be operated at lower temperatures. 

Chemical energy transmission systems could be most effectively utilized when integrated with a parallel electric transmission system, taking the high-end temperature range for driving the heat pipe and the low-end for generating electricity. 

The key components of a chemical energy transmission system or a chemical heat pipe are a primary energy source to provide heat, an input catalyst reactor where in an endothermal reaction energy is stored in newly created products, and an output catalyst converter, where the reverse exothermal chemical reaction helps to extract the stored heat for further consumption. 

Hanneman, R.E., et al., 1974. Closed loop chemical system for energy transmission, conversion and storage, Proc. Intersoc. Energy Conversion Eng. Conf., pp. 435—441. 

Hatmeman, R., Vakil, H., Wentorf Jr., R. (1974). Closed loop chemical systems for energy transmission. In "Proc. 9" Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf.". American Society of MechaniceJ Engineers, New York. 

HAHNE, E., Heat Storage Media, in Solar Technology, Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, V(TH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim (1993) 406-418. HANNEMAN, R.E., VAKIL, H., WENTORF, R.H.Jr., Closed Loop Chemical Systems for Energy Transmission, Conversion and Storage, Proc. Intersoc. Energy Conversion Eng. Conf. (1974) 435-441. 

All process involves some sort of transmission among subsystems within a system, or among systems. There are inputs across the boundary into a system, internal processes within it, and outputs from it. Each of these sorts of transmissions may consist of either (a) some particular form of matter (b) energy, in the form of light, radiant energy, heat, or chemical energy or (c) some particular pattern of information. 

Soluble, stimuli-responsive polymers in aqueous solutions can be precipitated at specific environmental conditions. Even if such systems can not be used for chemical energy conversion into mechanical work, it can be useful as temperature of pH indicators, or as on-off light transmission switches. Of peculiar interest are... 

The flow of electricity through a chemical system ean eause ehemieal reactions to occur. Similarly, chemical reactions may be used to produce eleetricity. Such phenomena are called electrochemical phenomena and are covered under the category of electrochemistry. Examples of eleetrochemistry abound. The transmission of nerve impulses in animals, and even human thought processes, are essentially electrochemical. A dry cell produees electricity from chemical reactions. An automobile storage battery stores electrieal energy as chemical energy, and reverses the process when it is discharged. An electrochemical process called... 

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