Chemical deposition, superhydrophobic

Scheme 4. Chemical structures of substituted thiophene monomers used to electrochemically deposit superhydrophobic CP surfaces [52, 53].

Zhang etalP showed that the surface covered with dendritic gold clusters, which was formed by electrochemical deposition onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode modified with a polyelectrolyte multilayer, showed superhydrophobic properties after further deposition of an -dodecanethiol monolayer. The chemical bath deposition (CBD) has also been used to make nanostrucmred surfaces, thus, Hosono etaL fabricated a nanopin film of brucite-type cobalt hydroxide (BCH) and achieved a contact angle of 178° after further modification of lauric acid (LA). Shi et al7 described the use of galvanic cell reaction as a facile method to chemically deposit Ag nanostructures... 

Figure 5. Optical images of water droplets ( 2 mm diameter) on a superhydrophobic coating deposited on (a) gold film, (b) Si wafer, (c) Kimwipe tissue and (d) cotton (reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society [36]).

A number of reports have described theoretical calculations for superhydrophobic surfaces. Marmur [10] and Quere and co-workers [11,12] show the theoretical background for surface roughness. There are also many reports regarding creation of superhydrophobic surfaces using hthography [13], fractal structure of wax [14], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PITH) [15] carbon nanotubes and web-like structures [16-18] and by coating hydrophobic silanes onto aluminum acetylacetonate [19] and so on. These micro-structured surfaces show a decrease in apparent surface free energies. 

Verplanck et al. [62] made superhydrophobic silicon (Si) nanofiber surfaces of vertically aligned posts, shown in Fig. 10a, using a process based on chemical vapor deposition of silicon catalyzed by the metal particles. First a thin (4 nm) layer... 

Liu, H., Feng, L., Zhai, J., Jiang, L., Zhu, D. (2004). Reversible wettability of a chemical vapor deposition prepared ZnO film between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophihcity. Langmuir, 20, 5659-5661. http //dx.doi.org/10.1021/la036280o. 

Lee, J.-H., Lee, S.H., Kim, D., Park,Y.S., 2013a. The structural and surface properties of carbon nanotube synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method for superhydrophobic coating.Thin Solid Films 546, 94. 

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