Chelates bisphosphonate

Hypercalcemia can be treated by (1) administering 0.9% NaCl solution plus furosemide (if necessary) renal excretion (2) the osteoclast inhibitors calcitonin, plicamycin, or clodro-nate (a bisphosphonate) bone calcium mobilization i (3) the Ca +chelators EDTA sodium or sodium citrate as well as (4) glucocorticoids. 

Ever since the discovery of the steam engine, the precipitation of insoluble calcium salts in boilers and pipes has been causing severe problems. Thus, the discovery that low concentrations of phosphoric, pyrophosphoric or bisphosphonic acids can prevent scale had enormous industrial importance. This information, combined with the characteristic ability of BPs to chelate virtually every heavy metal, laid the basis for their wide industrial importance [4], As a result, bisphosphonates are in current use in a wide variety of industrial areas, as scale inhibitors, for the treatment of metal and other surfaces, in water treatment, in the textile industry, in the detergent and cosmetic industry, in the polymer industry, and several others [4],... 

Bisphosphonates - must be taken on an empty stomach as they chelate with metal ions in food. Available as daily, weekly or monthly formulations to improve compliance. Increases bone mass by 3% per year when given in conjunction with calcium and vitamin D. 

Bisphosphonates (bone resorption inhibitor drugs) were subject to many investigations. They can chelate to metal surfaces, producing chromatographic peak tailing. Different tetraalkylammonium salts, commonly selected as IPRs in separation of bisphosphonates [85], were replaced by volatile organic amines when ELSD was used [86]. 

Actions. These compounds are effective calcium chelators that rapidly target exposed bone mineral surfaces in vivo, where they can be released by bone-resorbing osteoclasts, resulting in inhibition of osteoclast function and osteoclast apoptosis. The bisphosphonates (alendronate, clodronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate, tiludronate and zoledronate) inhibit the activation and function of osteoclasts and possibly directly stimulate formation of bone by the osteoblasts. They also bind strongly to hydroxyapatite crystals and, in high doses, can inhibit the mineralisation of bone. The doses at which effects on mineralisation occur are not related to antiresorptive efficacy. There is wide variation between these compoimds in terms of their capacity to inhibit... 

The interaction between bisphosphonates and plasma proteins is not well understood, but it is known to be influenced by both calcium and iron ions [38]. The addition of calcium to human plasma in an in vitro study increased the proportion of plasma protein-bound versus free pamidronate, whereas the addition of calcium chelators reduced the proportion of drug bound. Similarly, the addition of ferric ions to plasma increased the proportion of plasma protein-bound versus free pamidronate [38]. 

A ligand system (300) containing four preorganized 1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid moieties anchored onto a calix[4]arene platform with a variable carbon chain length has been developed by Lecouvey and co-workers. These polyphosphorylated upper-rim modified calix[4]arenes appeared as good chelating agents towards uranium. 

Tetrasodium 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate Tetrasodium (1-hydroxyethyiidene) bisphosphonate Tetrasodium 1-hydroxyethyiidene-1,1-diphosphonate. See Tetrasodium etidronate Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate Synonyms iminodisuccinate tetrasodium salt Uses Chelating agent for metal ions for detergents, agric., oii industry, pharmaceuticals, pulp/paper, and textiles water hardness reducing agent stabilizer for oxidation agents in aq. sol n. 

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