Charging algorithms

In mesoscopic physics, because the geometries can be controlled so well, and because the measurements are very accurate, current under different conditions can be appropriately measured and calculated. The models used for mesoscopic transport are the so-called Landauer/Imry/Buttiker elastic scattering model for current, correlated electronic structure schemes to deal with Coulomb blockade limit and Kondo regime transport, and charging algorithms to characterize the effects of electron populations on the quantum dots. These are often based on capacitance analyses (this is a matter of thinking style - most chemists do not consider capacitances when discussing molecular transport junctions). 

R.F. Nelson, J.B. Olson, E.D. Sexton, A.A. Pesaran, M.A. Keyset, ALABC Project No. B-007.2, Development of improved cycle life by design of charge algorithms specifically aimed at VRLA batteries. Progress Report 21 July to 20 September 1999, Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 1999. 

Reversible capacity decay or reversible insufficient mass utilization (RIMU), perhaps another term for PCL-2 [41]. This is a phenomenon explored by Winsel, Meissner and co-workers at Varta where capacity loss can be reversed by ehanges in charging algorithms or by chemical modifications as noted for PCL-2. 

Fig. 9.22. Stepped CC (upper curve) and current-limited CV (lower curve) charge algorithms with a current-interrupt finish. Cl can be initiated anywhere between 80 and 100% charge return. The y-axis is charge current in both cases.

Fig. 9.29. Charging curves of six individual cells in a 24-V/440-Ah VRLA battery during lUI charge algorithm as shown in Fig. 6, solid lines [3].

Cycle-life testing Charge algorithm Control/sensor requirements End of life/aging criteria Design FMEA Emissions (Gas/hquid)... 

Veibmgge M, Tate E (2004) Adaptive state of charge algorithm for nickel metal hydride batteries including hysteresis phenomena. J Power Sources 126 236-249. doi 10.1016/j. jpowsour.2003.08.042... 

It should be stressed that the manufacturer s recommendations should be strictly adhered to in charging any battery. Excessive overcharge, current which is too high or too low, or the use of an inappropriate charging algorithm may result in reduced performance, reduced cycle life and potential safety hazards. Use only a charger specifically designed for the nickel-zinc battery. 

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