Effective charge radius

The consideration of these problems (138, 187) lead us to the conclusion that the polarizing power of the cations as measured by the effective nuclear charge alone, is most probably the influential parameter necessary to understand these effects. The polarizing power given otherwise as formal charge/radius or formal charge/radius or even better, effective nuclear charge/radius, cannot explain these effects as well. 

Effect of Charge Radius on Detonation Velocity", Univ of Utah Inst for Study of Rate Processes, Contract N7-onr-45107,... 

Lederman et al (Ref 20) studied the detonation behavior of AMATEX-30, nominally 40/30/30 TNT/RDX/AN, at an average density of 1.645g/cc. Their results of the diameter effect (in terms of R, the charge radius) are summarized in Fig 2. Detonation failed to propagate in column diameters of 10mm. As shown, the infinite diameter D is 7.318km/sec, as compared to 7.031km/sec for Amatex 20 (40/20/40 TNT/RDX/AN). They also examined the effect of AN particle size on D. Their results for Amatex 20 are shown in Table 4... 

Despite the fact that formalism of the standard chemical kinetics (Chapter 2) was widely and successfully used in interpreting actual experimental data [70], it is not well justified theoretically in fact, in its derivation the solution of a pair problem with non-screened potential U (r) = — e2/(er) is used. However, in the statistical physics of a system of charged particles the so-called Coulomb catastrophes [75] have been known for a long time and they have arisen just because of the neglect of the essentially many-particle charge screening effects. An attempt [76] to use the screened Coulomb interaction characterized by the phenomenological parameter - the Debye radius Rd [75] does not solve the problem since K(oo) has been still traditionally calculated in the same pair approximation. 

The IS s of nuclei far from stability turned out to be the most informative data obtained by optical spectroscopy. This is because the nuclear charge radius depends on collective as well as on single-particle effects. The integral IS s (6 with A being a reference isotope) exhibit the gross behaviour of nuclear matter as a function of varying neutron number. These can be compared with predictions of macroscopic models like the Droplet Model [MEY83], which describes the overall trend quite well. 

The differential IS s (6 + or 6 + ) are measures of the radius change of the neighbouring nuclei and yield more clearly than the integral IS the effect of the addition of a neutron or a neutron pair. In this way, the increase or decrease of deformation is easily observable as a function of neutron number. A still more sensitive measure of the influence of an unpaired neutron on the charge radius is the odd-even staggering parameter y introduced by H.H. Stroke [TOM64] and given by... 

Accurate calculations for the Lamb shift and hfs of hydrogen-like atoms are limited by their nuclear structure and higher-order QED corrections. In the case of low-Z Lamb shift, the finite-nuclear-size effects can be taken into account easily if we know the nuclear charge radius. 

The accuracy of computed energy levels is further limited by uncertainties of fundamental constants and by nuclear size and structure effects. The dominant contributor to the uncertainty of the 1S-2S frequency ( 500 kHz) is still the Rydberg constant. However, the electron/proton mass ratio, known within 2-10 8 [37], introduces an additional uncertainty of about 30 kHz. The rms charge radius of the proton contributes at least another 50 kHz [38], assuming that it has been measured to within 2.5% estimates of this accuracy still differ widely. 

From the effects of quasihydrostatic pressure on the transition energy of the 77.3 keV gamma rays of Au in metallic gold, a value of A(r >= +9X10" has been derived for the change of the mean-squared nuclear charge radius. The positive sign of implies an increase in p(0) with increas-... 

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