Charge electrode

Electrophoresis (Section 27 3) Method for separating sub stances on the basis of their tendency to migrate to a posi tively or negatively charged electrode at a particular pH... 

The interface between a positively or negatively charged electrode and the negatively or positively charged layer of solution in contact with the electrode. 

In order to determine electrode corrosion quantitatively, Adzic et al. [43], used the following approach. The H content of the charged electrode, expressed as the number of H atoms, n, per formula unit, was calculated from Qimx by the Faraday equation, Eq.(12),... 

The electrical double layer is the array of charged particles and/or oriented dipoles that exists at every material interface. In electrochemistry, such a layer reflects the ionic zones formed in the solution to compensate for the excess of charge on the electrode (qe). A positively charged electrode thus attracts a layer of negative ions (and vice versa). Since the interface must be neutral. qe + qs = 0 (where qs is the charge of the ions in the nearby solution). Accordingly, such a counterlayer is made... 

Potentials of Zero Charge Electrodes Perkins, R. S. Andersen, T. N. 5... 

The name ion comes from the Greek word for go, because charged particles go cither toward or away from a charged electrode. 

When Rutherford allowed the radiation to pass between two electrically charged electrodes, he found that one type was attracted to the negatively charged electrode. He proposed that the radiation attracted to the negative electrode consists of positively charged particles, which he called a particles. From the charge and mass of the particles, he was able to identify them as helium atoms that had lost their two electrons. Once Rutherford had identified the atomic nucleus (in 1908, Section B), he realized that an a particle must be a helium nucleus, He2+. An a particle is denoted or simply a. We can think of it as a tightly bound cluster of two protons and two neutrons (Fig. 17.5). 

Rutherford found that a second type of radiation was attracted to the positively charged electrode. He proposed that this type of radiation consists of a stream of negatively charged particles. By measuring the charge and mass of these particles, he showed that they are electrons. The rapidly moving electrons emitted by nuclei are called (3 particles and denoted (3". Because a (3 particle has no protons or neutrons, its mass number is 0 and it can be written Je. 

The reduction wave of peroxydisulphate at dme starts at the potential of the anodic dissolution of mercury. The current-potential curve exhibits certain anomalous characteristics under various conditions. At potentials more negative than the electrocapillary maximum, a current minimum can be observed this is due to the electrostatic repulsion of the peroxydisulphate ion by the negatively charged electrode surface. The current minimum depends on the concentration and nature of the supporting electrolyte, and can be eliminated by the adsorption of capillary active cations of the type NR4. ... 

The operation of a double-layer capacitor is tied to a displacement of electrolyte ions. In a fully charged capacitor, anions accumulate as counterions in the solution layer next to the positively charged electrode while the eoncentration of the cations decreases. At the negative electrode, the opposite situation is seen. During discharge, the ionic concentrations level out to the bulk solution values by migration and diffusion. 

Anode The positively charged electrode in an electrolytic system. 

The ions are free to move and under influence of an electric field they are directed towards oppositely charged electrodes. 

The negatively charged Cl- ions migrate to the positively charged electrode. When a Cl ion comes into contact with the electrode, an electron passes from the ion to the electrode, leaving momentarily an atom of chlorine. The atom immediately combines with another chlorine atom to form a molecule of chlorine which is liberated as gas as depicted below ... 

---