Charge carrier total resistance

This current is conducted by electrons in a metal electrode, electrons and other charge carriers in a semiconductor, and by ions in the electrolyte. The conduction process provides an additional impediment, represented by the ohmic resistance Rn. Its effect is added to the interfacial potential difference, E, so that the total voltage will be... 

Since the total resistance a charge carrier experiences dining its journey from source to drain (i.e., is the sum of the contact resistance and the channel resistance... 

Within the electrolyte, current is carried by both negative and positive carriers, known as ions (electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms). The current carried by each ion depends on its mobUity and electric charge. The total of positive and negative current in the electrolyte of a cell is always exactly equivalent to the total current carried in the metallic path by electrons alone. Ohm s law—that is, /= E/R, where I is the current in amperes, E the potential difference in volts, and R the resistance in ohms—applies precisely, under conditions with which we are presently concerned, to current flow in electrolytes as well as in metals. 

These results show that the total dc conductance is made up of a branch G , involving negative charge carrier effects only, in parallel with a similar branch involving only positive carrier effects. Each individual branch involves a bulk resistive contribution and two equal adsorption-reaction resistances, one associated with each electrode. The expression for R in normalized form, Ron (e.g. Franceschetti and Macdonald [1977]), is even simpler, namely,... 

Insulation Resistance. In ceramic materials, electrical charge may be carried by electrons, electron holes, or ions. The total electrical conductivity is the sum of the contributions of the conductivities due to various charge carriers ... 

For time t > % this current is zero because the carrier would have reached the substrate. The current I(t) can be detected via the voltage it induces in the external circuit. Shortly, the equivalent electrical circuit of the XTOF experiment under the small-signal condition contains the coupling capacitance Cl (the sum of the amplifier and the parasitic capacitances) and f L ( l is the load resistance). The total current is the sum of the conduction current due to the drift of photogenerated charge and the displacement current and is equal to zero (for further details, see Ref [15]),... 

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