Characterization of metal

Duncan M A 1997 Synthesis and characterization of metal-carbide clusters in the gas phase J. duster Soi. 8 239... 

Kroger FA (1978) Cathodic deposition and characterization of metallic or semiconducting binary alloys or compounds. J Electrochem Soc 125 2028-2034... 

Nanoscale Characterization of Metal Nanoclusters by Means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)... 

Many different topics are involved in the study of metallic nanoparticles and many fundamental issues can be present for example, which is the infiuence of the nanoparticle size, shape and composition on the chemical activity of heterogeneous catalysts Or, considering another problem, at what size does a small particle behave like the bulk material, for example, changing from an insulator to a semiconductor [9-12] An enormous amount of literature is published on metallic nanoclusters this review is focusing on the relevant problem concerning the characterization of metallic nanosized materials from the morphological and... 

Brayner, R., Coradin, T., Vaulay, M.-J., Mangeney, C., Livage, J. and Fievet, F. (2005) Preparation and characterization of metal (Au)- and bimetallic alloys (AuNi)-gelatin nanocomposites. Colloids and Surface Science A, 256, 191-197. 

To summarize, TPR is a highly useful technique, which provides a quick characterization of metallic catalysts. It gives information on the phases present after impregnation and on the eventual degree of reduction. For bimetallic catalysts, TPR patterns often indicate whether or not the two components are mixed. In favorable cases, where the catalyst particles are uniform, TPR yields activation energies for the reduction as well as information on the mechanism of reduction. 

The electrosynthesis of metalloporphyrins which contain a metal-carbon a-bond is reviewed in this paper. The electron transfer mechanisms of a-bonded rhodium, cobalt, germanium, and silicon porphyrin complexes were also determined on the basis of voltammetric measurements and controlled-potential electrooxidation/reduction. The four described electrochemical systems demonstrate the versatility and selectivity of electrochemical methods for the synthesis and characterization of metal-carbon o-bonded metalloporphyrins. The reactions between rhodium and cobalt metalloporphyrins and the commonly used CH2CI2 is also discussed. 

In summary, the four chemical systems described in this paper demonstrate the versatility and selectivity of electrochemical methods for synthesis and characterization of metal-carbon a-bonded metalloporphyrins. The described rhodium and cobalt systems demonstrate significant differences with respect to their formation, stability and to some extend, reactivity of the low valent species. On the other hand, properties of the electroche-mically generated mono-alkyl or mono-aryl germanium and silicon systems are similar to each other. 

Another thermal analysis method available for catalyst characterization is microcalorimetiy, which is based on the measurement of the heat generated or consumed when a gas adsorbs and reacts on the surface of a solid [66-68], This information can be used, for instance, to determine the relative stability among different phases of a solid [69], Microcalorimetiy is also applicable in the measurement of the strengths and distribution of acidic or basic sites as well as for the characterization of metal-based catalysts [66-68], For instance, Figure 1.10 presents microcalorimetry data for ammonia adsorption on H-ZSM-5 and H-mordenite zeolites [70], clearly illustrating the differences in both acid strength (indicated by the different initial adsorption heats) and total number of acidic sites (measured by the total ammonia uptake) between the two catalysts. 

A. Structural Characterization of Metal Amides in the Solid State... 

Roster, A.J., Ziese, U., Verkleij, A.J., Janssen, A.H., de Graaf J., Geus, J.W., and de Jong, K.P. (2000) Development and application of 3-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (3D-TEM) for the characterization of metal-zeolite catalyst systems. Stud. 

At this point it is natural to wonder how the type of information discussed above is obtained. It is possible to group the analysis techniques for the characterization of metal surfaces and/or thin films into three major categories ... 

Isolation and Characterization of Metal/Alloy Nanowires Free from the Silica Supports 615... 

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