Formation and Characterization of Metal Oxides

Metal oxides were also already intensively studied with the aid of gas-phase and matrix-isolation techniques. A comprehensive review article dealing with small transition-metal oxides and also their reactivity appeared in 2009 [16]. In this review article, both matrix-isolation and gas-phase studies were considered. 

Studies of oxides containing only one main-group element atom were reviewed in 2002 [21]. The electronic structure of the diatomic MO molecules was reviewed in 2000 [98]. Finally, in a review article in 2001, the bonding in neutral and cationic transition-metal monoxides was compared [99]. Most matrix-isolation studies concentrate on small molecules containing one or two metal atoms. 

An example is [100]. In the case of compounds with only one metal atom 

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