Characteristic and Therapeutic Use

Its characteristics and therapeutic utilities are almost similar to those of sulfadiazine. It finds favour in the treatment of various urinary-tract infections. It may be used in the form of topical preparations... 

As in many areas of drug development and therapeutic use, different methodologies to collect information have relative strengths and weaknesses, and when two or more are candidates for use in a certain circumstance, these characteristics must be evaluated and the better option chosen. Consider first their weaknesses. Compared with prospective, randomized cardiovascular safety outcome studies, they are less rigorously performed as they are nearly always non-blinded and non-randomized. Therefore, there can be considerable heterogeneity among different observational databases. 

Knowledge of the mechanism of action and investigations on the physico-chemical characteristics of the therapeutically used dalbaheptides has stimulated the transformation of natural antibiotics into new derivatives using both chemical and biosynthetic modification. 

Mnshrooms are important in the ecosystem because they are able to biodegrade the substrate and therefore use the wastes of agricultural production [1]. Mushrooms have also been reported as therapeutic foods, useful in preventing diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and cancer. These functional characteristics are mainly due to their chemical composition [2]. Heavy metal concentrations in mushroom are considerably higher than those in agricultural crop plants, vegetables and fmit. This suggests that mushrooms possess a very effective mechanism that enables them readily to take up some heavy metals from the ecosystem. 

The primary therapeutic use of androgens is as replacement therapy in testicular deficiency (Table 63.2), a condition in which induction and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics are desired. Although re-... 

Combinations of drugs have sometimes been used to take advantage of the differing onset and duration of action of the individual compounds. A rapid onset of action and a sufficient duration are important characteristics of drugs used in the treatment of ED. Vasoactive agents that are orally effective have been available for about 20 years, but sildenahl and apomorphine (buccal) have significantly improved upon the therapeutic efficacy of orally active agents. 

Some of the previously unavailable enzymes for therapeutic use include domase (Pulmozyme), imiglucerase (Cerezyme), asparaginase, tissue-type plasminogen activator (Activase), and related drugs (Retavase). Detailed information about these products and their clinical use is provided in Part II in the form of monographs. Information relevant to pharmacokinetics and molecular characteristics can be found in Appendixes I and II. 

ECT is the only clearly established bimodal therapy in that it is equally effective for both the depressed and manic phases of the disorder. Although the primary indication for ECT is a severe, unremitting, or drug-nonresponsive depressive episode, data from as early as the 1940 s support its use for the treatment of acute mania, particularly manic delirium (242, 243 and 244). Based on clinical experience, we would expect mania to remit rapidly with ECT, whereas lithium can take weeks. Hence, there may be a superiority for E(3T over lithium in the early phases of treatment. What the final outcome would be is more problematic, but clearly, there is a need to further explore the efficacy of ECT in mania. In this light, Schnur and colleagues ( 245) reported on the relationship between various pretreatment symptoms and therapeutic outcome to ECT in 18 manic patients. They found that although severity of mania was not predictive, anger, irritability, and suspiciousness were more characteristic of nonresponders to ECT. 

Some pharmacokinetic characteristics and the initial and usual maintenance dosages of hydrochlorothiazide are listed in Table 11-2. Although thiazide diuretics are more natriuretic at higher doses (up to 100-200 mg of hydrochlorothiazide), when used as a single agent, lower doses (25-50 mg) exert as much antihypertensive effect as do higher doses. In contrast to thiazides, the blood pressure response to loop diuretics continues to increase at doses many times greater than the usual therapeutic dose. 

The nitrofurans are synthetic antibacterial compounds, all containing in their molecule a characteristic 5-nitrofuran ring (Fig. 3.5). Furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin are all nitrofiirans that have been widely used in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa in swine, cattle, poultry, rabbits, and fish. They have been also used as feed additives in animal husbandry. They are very effective drugs and do not appreciably contribute to the development of resistance (120). 

It seems to me that the eventual outcome will be the construction of psychedelic parks. In general, these will feature a large center for therapeutic, creative, and other uses, supervised by medical men and guides, and a psychedelic chapel for religious and mystical experience. The most likely setting will probably be a park of artificial environments. The dimensions of the park need not be very great, since space counts for little in the experience. A point of some importance, however, is the matter of diversity, for one of the major characteristics of these experiences, after all, is flux. 

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