Range channeling

Fig. 3.11. Intensity signals from fluorescent beads (of five different intensities) acquired with linear amplification (top) and logarithmic amplification (bottom). Log amplification permits all five intensities to be on scale (that is, within the 1024 channel range). Additionally, the spread (the CY) and the peak height of the distributions for each bead are visually similar with a log but not with a linear amplifier. From Givan (2001).

SBA-15 is a mesoporous siUca molecular sieve with high surface area, tunable uniform hexagonal channels ranging from 5 to 30nm and thick framework walls (3-6nm), which is therefore thermaUy and hydrothermaUy robust [291, 292]. The active sites in the molecular sieves are often from heteroatoms such as A1 and Ti species and it is therefore greatly significant to introduce heteroatoms into the... 

In green oxidation reactions, zeolite TS-1 is the typical catalyst. Since the size of its channels ranges from 5 to 6 A, TS-1 can be used as the catalyst only for benzene and phenol conversion. However, ordered mesoporous titanium silicate materials have pores large enough for the catalytic reactions of bulkier molecules, and this is very important for the production of fine chemicals. For example, for the oxidation reaction of terpineol, Ti-MCM-41 performs much better than do microporous titanium silicate molecular sieves as a catalyst.1-291... 

Hydraulic diameters of monolithic channels range between ca. 3x 10 m and 6x 10 m [8]. Combination of such small diameter channels leads to surfece areas per reactor volume in the order of 10 m /m (which is 10 m /m for PBRs) and void fractions up to 75% (which is -40% for PBRs). As shown in Figure 1.10 [9], these design properties allow monolith reactors to operate with pressure drops that are up to three orders of magnitude less than those observed in PBRs. 

The numerical parameters for each concept are summarized in Table 3.3. The inlet pressure was p = 1 bar, the preheat temperature ranged from Tin = 300-800 K. and the total equivalence ratio ( tot. based on the total amount of air) was fuel-lean and varied from 0.1 to 0.5. For the fuel-rich concept in Fig. 3.16A, the equivalence ratios inside the catalytic channel ranged from 1.0 to 5.0, while Tin was the same for both reacting and bypass air flows. Two total inflow velocities L/in were considered, 10 and 20 mZs. In the CST and i-CST concepts (Figs. 3.3 and 3.16B), the total Uin was the... 

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