Changing chemical treatment programs

The technique is very sensitive to changes in processing conditions that affect the corrosivity of the fluids and is particularly useful for optimizing corrosion inhibitor/chemical treatment programs. However, as the same probe configuration is used for the measiuement of electrochemical noise as for the LPR method, the technique suffers from the same disadvantages. 

The paper provides an overall cooling system model called Unimod. The model is applied to present and future cooling system requirements, and eliminates plant trials of treatment chemicals. At a midwest refinery petrochemical plant, oil leaks, the use of four alternating water sources, and entrained solids were causing heat transfer losses and unscheduled shutdowns. In less than an hour, the model identified the best of the available water sources and blends, and recommended a treatment program for use before each water change. This enabled the refinery to increase heat transfer by 20%, eliminate unscheduled shutdowns, and with treatment, use the plant wastewater safely for all cooling water makeup. 

During the last 60 or more years, since phosphates and other chemical inhibitors came into widespread use, the basic functional requirements of a typical water treatment program has changed little only some of the formulation additives and the chemistries involved (and some of the terminology) have changed. Today there is still a requirement for the following basic program functions ... 

In the last decade, quantum-chemical investigations have become an integral part of modern chemical research. The appearance of chemistry as a purely experimental discipline has been changed by the development of electronic structure methods that are now widely used. This change became possible because contemporary quantum-chemical programs provide reliable data and important information about structures and reactivities of molecules and solids that complement results of experimental studies. Theoretical methods are now available for compounds of all elements of the periodic table, including heavy metals, as reliable procedures for the calculation of relativistic effects and efficient treatments of many-electron systems have been developed [1, 2] For transition metal (TM) compounds, accurate calculations of thermodynamic properties are of particularly great usefulness due to the sparsity of experimental data. 

J. J. Lam Jr Effects of differing ozone treatments on the chemical composition of bright tobacco leaf 40th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 40, Paper No. 6, 1986, p. 4 Schlotzhauer, W.S., J.J. Lam Jr, and O.T. Chortyk Changes in the chemical composition of NC2326 tobacco through ozone treatment of intact leaves Tob. Sci. 31 (1987) 57-60. 

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