Champion, John

John Champion patented in 1758 the process of producing brass and zinc from the common ore of zincblende (ZnS) or black jack (patent number 726). This ore had previously been considered worthless, but even with this advance it is obvious that metallic zinc was still far too expensive to use in brass production by direct mixing, a process which was patented by James Emerson in 1781 (no. 1297). Watson (1786), however, describes the use of zinc in the production of high-quality gilding brasses such as pinchbeck, tomback and Mannheim gold (see below). 

These EDA methods are essentially pictorial and can often be carried out using simple pencil and paper methods. Picturing data and displaying it accurately is an aspect of data analysis which is under utilised. Unless exploratory data analysis uncovers features and structures within the data set there is likely to be nothing for confirmatory data analysis to consider One of the champions of EDA, the American statistician John W. Tukey, in his seminal work on EDA captures the underlying principle in his comment that... 

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the advice and assistance rendered by the author s associates. Special thanks are due to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Chemical Sciences Division, and to Lt. Colonel David S. Olson (AFWL), Lt. Colonel John T. Viola (AFOSR), and Drs. K. S. W. Champion and F. R. Innes (AFGL) for their support and interest in the author s research activities. 

But the incriminating documents must also be examined very critically, not least of all because they too are rendered questionable by the evidence contained in the air photos.16 The so-called Ger-stein Report,112 and the Jerusalem Trial of John Demjanjuk113 no less, show that the champions of one particular school of thought do not hesitate to commit grotesque falsifications even many decades after the end of the war. Some few examples ... 

Figure 3.1 John Dalton, early champion of the atomic theory...

The Portuguese never linked up with Prester John. They couldn t have. He didn t exist. But their search for the elusive champion of Christianity got Portugal the gold she needed - at least for a time. 

Hutton, Jam s (1726-97) British geologist, born in Scotland. He studied law, medicine, and industrial chemistry before returning to Edinburgh in 1768 to devote himself to geology. He advocated the theory that contemporary geological processes are the same as those that have always prevailed. This theory was not generally accepted until popularized by John Playfair (1748-1819) and championed by Charles Lyell. 

Figure 9.1. John Dalton, Quaker schoolteacher and 1800s champion of the atomic theory. (Courtesy Chemical Heritage Foundation.)...

Table. These gases led their discoverers on a chase before revealing their nature, but as is now known, not because they are particularly rare but because they are noble. Noble materials are highly unreac-tive, or inert (the noble metals include gold and platinum), and this lack of reactivity means they are hard to isolate and characterize by chemical means. But as always if there is a challenge, there are those who are willing to take it up. In the case of the rare gases the champions were John William Strutt, the Third Baron Rayleigh (Lord Rayleigh) and William Ramsay.

The first European industrial zinc production started in Bristol in the 1740s. John Champion developed a technique that became known as the English method [33.3]. In this method the reduction was carried out in furnaces for glass manufacture and zinc metal was distilled over to large pots. 

John Kirke, The Seven Champions of Christendom (London J. Okes for James Becket, 1638), sigs G2r and G3v. All further quotations from the play will be taken from this printing and reference wiU be given in the text. 

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