Chain Release

Paushkin, S. V., Kushnirov, V. V., Smirnov, V. N., and Ter-Avanesyan, M. D. (1996). Propagation of the yeast prion-like psi] determinant is mediated by oligomerization of the SUP35-encoded polypeptide chain release factor. EMBO J. 15, 3127-3134. [Pg.177]

C domains that oatalyzed the formation of multiple amide bonds Transglutaminases Chain Termination Strategies Thioesterase-catalyzed chain release Alternative chain release through reduction Condensation domains as chain termination catalysts Diketopiperazine formation Oxidative ohain termination... [Pg.619]

Similarly, iterative NRPSs operate in a linear fashion but utilize at least one domain or module multiple times for the synthesis of a single NRP product. Thus, peptides assembled by iterative synthetases contain short, repeating units of peptide building blocks. In such systems, the terminal PCP-TE (or infrequendy PCP-C) didomain is responsible for both condensation of the repeating peptide units and chain release from the assembly line. NRPs biosynthesized in this manner include enniatin, enterobactin, bacillibactin, " gramicidin and the depsi-peptides valinomycin and cereulide. Of these examples, condensation of the precursor peptides for both enterobactin and gramicidin S has been extensively studied and will be discussed in detail. [Pg.624]

Figure 8 Summary of chain release strategies utilized by NRPS assemblies. The terminal domains involved in the chemistry are illustrated. The domain abbreviations are defined in the text, in general, for chemical structures, R and R represent peptide components and R" represents various amino acid side chains.

In a limited number of NRPSs, the final module terminates in a specialized C domain that catalyzes chain release through amide bond formation. Modules of this type are found in the synthetases involved in the biosynthesis of enniatin, vibriobactin, cyclosporin/ HC-toxin/ and PF1032A. Unlike TE termination, this method of chain release does not utilize an acyl-ester intermediate. Most likely, the chain termination precursor is presented to the C domain as an aminoacyl-5-PCP substrate. Most of these specialized C domains... [Pg.634]

Breaks an a-1,4 bond adjacent to the branch point and moves the small ol oglucose chain released to the exposed end of the other chain. [Pg.194]

Termination Three codons (UAA, UAG and UGA) are stop codons which do not code for any amino acid but, instead of attaching to a tRNA molecule, they bind a protein release factor. When one of these factors is encountered by the ribosome, peptidyl transfer is aborted, the completed polypeptide chain released by hydrolysis and the ribosome subunits separate. The N-terminal methionine unit is then removed from the polypeptide chain. [Pg.468]

Bulygin KN, Repkova MN, Ven yaminova AG, Grarfer DM, Karpova GG, Frolova LY, Kisselev LL (2002) Positioning of the mRNA stop signal with respect to polypeptide chain release factors and ribosomal proteins in SOS ribosomes. FEBS Lett 514 96-101... [Pg.22]

Frolova L, Le Goff X, Rasmussen HH, Cheperegin S, Drugeon G, Kress M, Arman 1, Haenni AL, Cells JE, Philippe M (1994) A highly conserved eukaryotic protein family possessing properties of polypeptide chain release factor. Nature 372 701-703... [Pg.24]

Frolova L, Le Goff X, Zhouravleva G, Davydova E, Philippe M, Kisselev L (1996) Eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor eRF3 is an eRFl- and ribosome-dependent guanosine triphosphatase. RNA 2 334-341... [Pg.24]

Frolova LY, Simonsen JL, Merkulova Tl, Litvinov DY, Martensen PM, Rechinsky VO, Camonis JH, Kisselev LL, Justesen J (1998) Functional expression of eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factors 1 and 3 by means of baculovirus/insect cells and complex formation between the factors. Eur J Biochem 256 36 4... [Pg.24]

Hoshino S, Imai M, Kobayashi T, Uchida N, Katada T (1999) The eukaryotic pol>peptide chain releasing factor (eRF3/GSPT) carrying the translation termination signal to the 3 -poly(A) tail of mRNA. J Biol Chem 274 16677-16680... [Pg.25]

Paushkin SV, Kushnirov VV, Smirnov VN, Ter-Avanesyan MD (1997) Interaction between yeast Sup45p (eRFl) and Sup35p (eRF3) polypeptide chain release factors implications for prion-dependent regulation. Mol Cell Biol 17 2798-2805... [Pg.27]

Valouev lA, Kushnirov VV, Ter-Avanesyan MD (2002) Yeast polypeptide chain release factors eREl and eRE3 are involved in cytoskeleton organization and cell cycle regulation. Cell Motil Cytoskelet 52 161-... [Pg.29]

Yusupov MM, Yusupova GZ, Baucom A, Lieberman K, Earnest TN, Cate JH, Noller HF (2001) Crystal structure of the ribosome at 5.5A resolution. Science 292 883—896 Zhouravleva G, Frolova L, Le Goff X, Le Guellec R, Inge-Vechtomov S, Kisselev L, Philippe M (1995) Termination of translation in eukaryotes is governed by two interacting polypeptide chain release factors, eRFl and eRF3. EMBO J 14 4065-4072... [Pg.30]

Fibrinogen is an elongated molecule with an (apy)2 structure.524,541,5413 Thrombin cleaves specific Arg-Gly bonds in the a and P chains releasing short (14- tol6-residue) "fibrinopeptides" from the N termini of the peptide chains. This leaves Gly-Pro-Arg "knobs" at... [Pg.632]

Peptide chain release factor Histone Enamelin Mucin... [Pg.237]

It should be remembered that oxidative phosphorylation is conjugated with the respiratory process and, therefore, the question of where H+ ions come from can be simply answered. At ATP synthesis, the respiratory chain releases H+ ions to the system during electron transfer, and the electron transfer energy is consumed for H+ generation. [Pg.69]

The second type of terminator lacks the U region and requires the p termination factor for RNA chain release. The p factor is a hexamer of 45 kD subunits that binds a stretch of 72 nucleotides of single-stranded RNA. The p factor hydrolyzes ribonucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates in the presence of single-stranded RNA and moves unidirectionally along nascent mRNA toward the transcription bubble and breaks the RNA-DNA hybrid, pulling away the RNA. [Pg.319]

Question How is the long polypeptide chain released from its ester linkage to the tRNA in the P site ... [Pg.504]

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