Cerium , oxidation formaldehyde

Li, C Domen, K Maruya K Onishi, T. Spectroscopic identification of adsorbed species derived from adsorption and decomposition of formic acid, methanol, and formaldehyde on cerium oxide, J. Catal, 1990, Volume 125, Issue 2, 445-455. 

Antimony trioxide Barium carbonate Barium nitrate Bismuth oxide Cerium oxide Cobalt Copper nitrate (ic) Coumarone/indene resin Feldspar Lead oxide, yellow Molybdenum trioxide 2-Octanol Potassium carbonate Sulfur Zirconium silicate enamels, automotive Urea-formaldehyde resin enamels, baking Gilsonite... 

Cerium(IV) oxidations of organic substrates are often catalysed by transition metal ions. The oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid by cerium(IV) has been shown to be catalysed by iridium(III). The observed kinetics can be explained in terms of an outer-sphere association of the oxidant, substrate, and catalyst in a pre-equilibrium, followed by electron transfer, to generate Ce "(S)Ir", where S is the hydrated form of formaldehyde H2C(OH)2- This is followed by electron transfer from S to Ir(IV) and loss of H+ to generate the H2C(0H)0 radical, which is then oxidized by Ce(IV) in a fast step to the products. Ir(III) catalyses the A -bromobenzamide oxidation of mandelic acid and A -bromosuccinimide oxidation of cycloheptanol in acidic solutions. ... 

The oxidation of ethanol, formaldehyde, acetone, and benzyl alcohol by quadrivalent cerium in sulphuric acid was found to proceed by action of the neutral Ce-(804)2 reactive species. ... 

Several studies have been carried out in sulphate media. The mechanism of oxidation of 1-naphthylamine and 8-aminonaphthalene-l-sulphonic acid has been described and complex formation invoked in the reactions with benzilic acid and formaldehyde. Hydrochloric acid reduces cerium(iv) at a measurable rate at room temperature and silver(i) acts as a catalyst for the reaction. The activated complex is considered to involve both sulphatocerate and chloride anions. The large overall heats of reaction with a-thiolocarboxylic acids and thioureas have been... 

Wadhawan, A.K., Sankhia, P.S., and Mehrotra, R.N. (1973) Kinetics of oxidation of formaldehyde by cerium(IV) in aqueous nitrate solution. Indian J. Chem.,... 

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