Cerebrospinal fluid glucose

Atkinson AJ Jr. The cerebrospinal fluid glucose concentration. Steady state and kinetic studies in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1969 99 59-66. 

Atkinson AJ Jr, Weiss ME. Kinetics of blood-cerebrospinal fluid glucose transfer in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 1969 216 1120-6. 

Regenold, W.T., Hisley, K.C., Obuchowski, A., Lefkowitz, D.M., Marano, C., and Hauser, P. 2005. Relationship of white matter hyperintensities to cerebrospinal fluid glucose polyol pathway metabo-htes - a pilot study in treatment-resistant affective disorder patients. J. Affect. Disord. 85 341-350. Regenold, W.T., Phatak, R, KUng, M.A., and Hauser, P. 2004. Post-mortem evidence from human brain tissue of disturbed glucose metabolism in mood and psychotic disorders. Mol. Psychiatry 9 731-733. 

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with cryptococcal meningitis generally reveals an elevated opening pressure, CSF pleocytosis (usually lymphocytes), leukocytosis, a decreased CSF glucose, an elevated CSF protein, and a positive cryptococcal antigen. 

Cerebrospinal fluid High Yes Some Close to blood component except low cholesterol and glucose... 

L2. Leib, S. L., Boscacci, R., Gratzl, O., and Zimmerli, W., Predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate level versus CSF/blood glucose ratio for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis following neurosurgery. Clini. Infect. Dis. 29, 69-74 (1999). 

Mechanism of Action A benzimidazole carbamate anthelmintic that degrades parasite cytoplasmic microtubules, irreversibly blocks cholinesterase secretion, glucose uptake in helminth and larvae (depletes glycogen, decreases ATP production, depletes energy). Vermicidal. Therapeutic Effect Immobilizes and kills worms. Pharmacokinetics Poorly and variably absorbed from GI tract. Widely distributed, cyst fluid and including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Protein binding 70%. Extensively metabolized in liver. Primarily excreted in urine and bile. Not removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 8-12 hr. 

Anesthesia of the lower extremities and abdomen may be induced by the introduction of anesthetic drugs into the subarachnoid space (Figure 23.6). The drug most often used for this purpose is bupivacaine. The latency period plus the duration of the maximal cephalad level for both plain and hyperbaric bupivacaine lasts from 10 to 60 min. A bupivacaine solution is made hyperbaric by the addition of 5 to 8% glucose. The distribution of bupivacaine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is affected by gravity and is therefore influenced by the patient s position. With a dose of 15 mg of plain 0.5% bupivacaine, a half-life of about 3 h is achieved. The addition of epinephrine to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of block. 

Amperometric detection was achieved on two patches of C films (formed by CVD of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylie dianhydride) on a glass chip. The microchannels were formed using a 23- im-thick photoresist as a spacer. Glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase were immobilized with HRP on the C films via a coated film of osmium PVPD polymer. Simultaneous measurements of glucose and lactate in rat brain cerebrospinal fluid (first perfused with 50 mM veratridine) were achieved. These two films were spatially separated in order to avoid interdiffusion of H202 formed from the two separate enzymatic reactions. Moreover, the two films were preceded by a third C film immobilized with ascorbate oxidase in order to remove ascorbic acid interference [759]. 

The major concern of the emergency department physicians was the lethargy, hypotonia, and seizure activity. Initial laboratory studies revealed that the child had a normal complete blood count and smear. Other blood tests revealed metabolic acidosis with a bicarbonate concentration of 11 mEq/L (normal is 20-25 mEq/L) and an anion gap of 22 mEq/L (normal is < 15 mEq/L). His serum glucose, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were normal. To exclude the diagnosis of meningitis, a spinal tap was performed. The cell counts and chemistries of the cerebrospinal fluid were normal. The physicians considered that the child might have sepsis and administered antibiotics and intravenous fluids. Prior to administration of antibiotics, blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were sent for bacterial culture. 

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CSF can also be measured with the serum glucose slide. Dilute the CSF 1 1 with deionised water if the glucose concentration is beyond the range of measurement. Multiply the result by 2 (El9, E33, E567, ElOO, E116). 

Ektachem Glucose Test Methodology (1981). Supplement I, Urine Samples. Ektachem Glucose Test Methodology (1981). Supplement 2, Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. 

Note First results for the determination of glucose in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using this hexokinase method have been published (SI99, S224). In this case the samples should be diluted with 1% bovine albumin solution. Good correspondence to a comparative method was described for CSF (S224). A 30% deviation was known for urine samples (SI99). 

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be contaminated with bacteria or other cells and should be analyzed for glucose immediately. If a delay in measurement is unavoidable, the sample should be centrifuged and stored at 4 C or -20 C. 

Pryce JD, Gant PW, Sau KJ. Normal concentrations of lactate, glucose, and protein in cerebrospinal fluid, and the diagnostic implications of abnormal concentrations. Clin Chem 1970 16 562-5. 

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