Ceramic materials grinding

Mixing. The most widely used mixing method is wet ball milling, which is a slow process, but it can be left unattended for the whole procedure. A ball mill is a barrel that rotates on its axis and is partially filled with a grinding medium (usually of ceramic material) in the form of spheres, cylinders, or rods. It mixes the raw oxides, eliminates aggregates, and can reduce the particle size. 

Clarke, L. R., Chou, C.-H., Khuri-Yakub, B. T., and Marshall, D. B. (1985). Acoustic evaluation of grinding damage in ceramic materials. IEEE 1985 Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 979-82. IEEE, New York. [273]... 

Pattimore J, Nishio A, Dewitte C, Unno Y, Masuda M (1997) Optimisation of Grinding for Cylindrical Silicon Nitride Components for Mass Production. In Niihara K, Hirano S, Kanzaki S, Komeya K, Moriuaga K (eds) Ceramic Materials and Component for Engines. Japan Fine Ceramics Association, Tokyo, p 406... 

Another grinding tool that is often used to grind soHd samples is the ball miU. A ball mill is a ceramic drum within which is placed the sample and many small balls made of hard ceramic. To grind the sample, the drum is then rotated, and a very fine powder is produced. Ball mills are often used on softer solids, as the time it takes for grinding is directly proportional to the hardness of the material. 

Despite the development of advanced ceramic materials possessing enhanced properties, the widespread use of these materials for structural applications has been limited mainly because of the high cost of machining by grinding. In the manufacture of ceramic components, grinding can comprise up to 80% of the total cost [1]. Efficient grinding requires selecting... 

Kirchner, H.P. and Conway, J.C., 1985, Mechanisms of material removal and damage penetration during single point grinding of ceramics. Machining of Ceramic Materials and Components, ASME, New York, Vol. 17, pp. 53-61. 

Spur, G., Stark, C., and Tio, T.H., 1985, Grinding of non-oxide ceramics using diamond grinding wheels. Machining of Ceramic Materials and Components, Sub-ramanian, K. and Komanduri, R., Eds., PED-Vol. 17, ASME, p. 33. 

It is well known that the material removal mechanism in the grinding of ceramics is mainly a brittle fracturing process and grinding induced damage in terms of microcracks has been observed in various ceramics. Ceramic materials are very sensitive to cracks due to their low fracture toughness. The principal induced crack systems are the lateral cracks and the median cracks. The lateral cracks are parallel to the ground surface, and the median... 

For determining the depth of damage caused by the grinding of RBSN and zirconia-toughened alumina, the ceramic materials were first ground under a range of grit depth of cut conditions and then lapped to establish the depth... 

Malkin, S. and Ritter, J.E., Grinding mechanisms and strength degradation for ceramics. Intersociety Symposium on Machining of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Components, ASME, 1988, pp. 57-72. 

Electrolytic In-Process Dressing Grinding of Ceramic Materials... 

---